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The occurrence of Atriplex littoralis L. in Poland

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The Atriplex littoralis L. is a rare and endangered species in Poland and many other countries in Europe. In Poland it is mainly found on the west coast and also rarely in central parts. It has been seen in Puck Bay and the Gulf of Gdańsk as well as in Hel Peninsula. The grassleaf orache is a halophyte, terophyte and a sunlight-loving plant. Data shows that apart from on the coast, this species may also appear in inland areas, for example on ruderal habitats such as roadsides. The results of our observations confirm the presence of the species on beaches and rocky bank reinforcement, with accumulation of annual vegetation in the Hel Peninsula and Puck Bay. Five sites, where Atriplex littoralis specimens occur have been found. In each site 1 to 15 specimens where found, in total 31. Five phytosociological relevés were made within the floristically poor patches of Matricario maritimae-Atriplicetum littoralis (Christiansen 1933) R.Tx. 1950. This association represents the protected type of habitat: Annual vegetation of drift lines (1210).
The availability of sample data, together with detailed environmental factors, has fueled a rapid increase in predictive modeling of species geographic distributions and environmental requirements. We founded that MaxEnt model has provided different descriptions of potential distributions based on different sample size, sample accuracy and environmental background. We used six combinations based on three sample data set and two kinds of environmental variables to estimate the potentially suitable areas of Brown Eared Pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) in MaxEnt model. The results show that the complex variables provided the higher AUC value and accurate potential distribution than simple variables based on the same size of samples. Complicated environmental factors combined with moderate size and accurate sample, can predict better results. The model results were scabrous based on simple environmental factors. Furthermore, big sample size and simple prediction environmental factors will reduce the prediction accuracy, whereas small samples provided a conservative description of ecological niche. Here, we highlighted that considering the big size and high accuracy of sample and many environmental factors of a species to minimize error when attempting to infer potential distributions from current data in MaxEnt model.
A new site of Biatoridium monasteriense was discovered during a lichenological investigation in Białowieża National Park. The paper presents information on the distribution of this species in Poland.
Due to their small size (0.02-1.0 ha), distinct boundaries, and conditions highly contrasting with those in the surrounding area, midfi eld water bodies are regarded as the so-called habitat islands. Their effective conservation calls for knowledge on their inhabitants’ dispersal potential. However, direct empirical data are available for very few species only, but dispersal potential of a species may be inferred indirectly, from its distribution. The study addressed the question whether there is spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of plant species in midfi eld water bodies, or if the distribution is random. Spatial distribution of the midfi eld water bodies surveyed was analysed using the CrimeStat software, while spatial autocorrelation in distribution of 29 species was explored with the joincount.test routine of R CRAN software. Explorative spatial data analysis (ESDA) involving join-count statistics showed the presence of positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of ten hydro- and helophytic species. In their case, ESDA made it possible to reject the random distribution hypothesis, which opens up an avenue for exploring spatial patterns. Activities promoting the occurrence of species with limited dispersal potential should take into account their preferences in terms of shorter distances between neighbouring sites. This should make it possible to plan conservation of midfi eld water bodies not only as refuges, but also as stepping stone habitats facilitating migrations of wild species growing in an agricultural landscape.
Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., a potentially invasive alien plant in Poland, is reported from the town of Augustów for the first time (the ATPOL square: FB39). This is the second record of the species occurrence in north-eastern Poland. A new spontaneous population consists of 36 individual shrubs (groups of stems) dispersed on an area of about 0.2 ha, except one dense clump occupying an area of about 20 m². Phytosociological characteristics of the habitat is provided, and the potential threats are discussed.
Phytodietus (Phytodietus) antennator KASPARYAN, 1993 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) is reported from Europe for the first time on the basis of material collected in Poland. A description of the collected species is given, along with photograph.
Sphagnum riparium (Bryophyta) is recorded and described from the Wedel Jarlsberg Land on Spitsbergen, the Arctic Svalbard Archipelago. It is the northernmost known population of the species in the Northern Hemisphere. The distribution of the two known Sphagnum species in the Hornsund area, viz. S. riparium and S. squarrosum is mapped and described.
General distribution map of Elatine hexandra (Lapierre) DC. was made based on literature and web-based data confronted and possible reasons of the formation of taxon's distribution range and history are discussed.
The earth is now facing the land degradation due to human disturbance, natural habitats were converted to rural and agricultural areas in order to fulfill the increasing demand of human population. The deforestation of Picea crassifolia (Qinghai spruce) forest at Qilian Mts is an example of such disturbance. P. crassifolia is an ecologically and hydrologically important plant species in the northwestern arid area of China. However, the forests have been intensively and extensively deforested. In order to restore the human-disturbed ecosystems, the spatial distribution of P. crassifolia needs to be delineated. This study employed Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) and Maximum entropy model (Maxent) and four environmental variables (mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual solar radiation, topographic wetness index) to predict the potential distribution of P. crassifolia in Qilian Mts. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) produces a model of species niches in geographic space based on heterogeneous rule-sets. Maximum entropy model (Maxent) focuses on fitting a probability distribution for occurrence based on the idea that the best explanation to unknown phenomena will maximize the entropy of the probability distribution, subject to the appropriate constraints. The environmental variables were spatially interpolated throughout the entire study area. We used sensitivity-specificity sum maximum approach to select the threshold value. The projected niche space for the mean temperature of the warmest quarter is between 8.5 and 18.1°C; the space for the precipitation of the wettest quarter is between 149 and 245 mm; the space for annual solar radiation is 118–1100×103 wh m–2 and the space for topographic wetness index is between –0.4 and 5.1. The results show that both GARP and Maxent’s models produce acceptable predictions, but the overall comparison shows that GARP prediction is better than Maxent’s; the comparison between the observed distribution and the predicted distribution suggests that 61% (2869 km2) of P. crassifolia forests have been deforested.
This study explored meadow passerine capacity to select habitat conditions likely to preserve their breeding success. We observed the variation in bird abundance, assessed with the point count method, over a 25-year period (1993-2017) within two phytosociological facies of the hay-meadows in the lower Saône Valley (3.000 ha), eastern France: a meso-hygrophilic facies characterized by increasingly early mowing, and a hygrophilic facies mown later, with thereby a lower risk of nesting failure. At the beginning of the monitoring (1993-2001), birds were evenly distributed within the two facies. Later on, as more than 90% of meso-hygrophilic meadows were already mown by July 1, birds became more abundant in the hygrophilic facies. This trend was observed in each of the two most abundant species, the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra and the Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra. In two hygrophilic areas (55 and 76 ha) and two meso-hygrophilic areas (49 and 116 ha), passerine territories were mapped in 2011 with the territory mapping method and invertebrates were captured weekly on transects with colour plates and Barber traps. In spite of substantially higher invertebrate abundance, passerine territory density was lower in meso-hygrophilic study sites (6.4 territories/10 ha vs. 10.6). Within each study site however, captured invertebrates were more abundant in the areas selected by territorial birds. In fact, bird abundance estimated from point counts in 2011 varied negatively with the percentage mown by July 1 within a 200m-radius in 2010. This apparently adaptive behaviour leading to a selection of later mown fields seemed to be successful since bird abundance increased until 2010. However, after a succession of extreme climatic events (droughts, late floods), passerine abundance declined thereafter in both facies.
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