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Flow-through stripping chronopotentiometry was used for the determination of antimony in soil sam­ples. Antimony was deposited in potentiostatic mode on a glassy carbon porous electrode coated with Nafion® and mercury and then stripped with constant current. The accuracy of the results was confirmed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.6 ^g dm-3 and 1.7 ^g dm-3, respectively. A linear response range was observed in the concentration range of 1 to 200 ^g dm-3 for sample volumes of 4 ml. The repeatability and reproducibility were found to be 2.9% and 5.2%, respectively.
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Content of selenium in arable soils near Wroclaw

86%
The material for this study consisted of 60 soil samples collected from the arable layer of cultivated fields located in the vicinity of Wrocław. The samples varied in their properties and reflected a whole range of soil types to be found in the region of Lower Silesia. The examinations proved that selenium content in arable soils near Wroclaw ranged from 81 to 449 μg⋅kg-1 and the average value of Se content in these soils was 202 μg⋅kg-1. The lowest Se content appeared in sandy soils (174 μg⋅kg-1), while the highest value was found in loamy soils. The mean value of Se content calculated for this group of soils was 228 μg⋅kg-1. Selenium content in soils varied to a high degree (V=42%). The value lower than 100 μg⋅kg-1, assumed as a critical one for the quality of plant yield, was recorded for 4 samples, while in 33 soil samples the Se content fell in the range of 101- -200 μg⋅kg-1 and in 14 samples it ranged from 201 to 300 μg⋅kg-1. Only 9 soils out of these subjected to investigation characterized selenium value higher than 300 μg⋅kg-1, i.e. the value regarded as medium soil fertility. Se content in soils was highly correlated with their content of silt and clay, as well as colloidal parts and also with the amount of C and total content of such chemical elements as P, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni.
The aim of the studies was to evaluate the herbicidal contaminations in soil. Monitoring tests were carried out in two periods: 2002–2008 and 2010–2013, on cereal plantations located in south-western Poland. The samples of soil were collected at harvest time. The determination of 2,4-D, MCPA, diflufenican, dicamba, chlortoluron, fluroxypyr, isoproturon, clopyralid residues were conducted using the chromatography GC/ECD and HPLC/UV. Comparing the research results from both periods, a decrease of several percent in the number of the samples with residues was observed. In the years 2010–2013, the average residues of herbicide determined in 27% of samples ranged from 0.0012 to 0.0052 mg kg⁻¹ .1
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86%
ODR was calculated for the soil water extracts prepared from freshly taken soil, wet soil stored in plastic bags and air dry soil. ODR in KCI solution was used as reference.ODR recorded for the extracts obtained from freshly taken soil was lower than for the extracts prepared from the stored soil samples. This indicates that for ODR measurements fresh soil should be investigated.
Contents of a typical postindustrial pond that was used 12 years previously as a tank for collecting waste water pumped from a coal mine was evaluated on the basis of 19 samples collected from the pond and surrounding area. Measurements of radium, thorium, and potassium, plus cesium activity, were performed with the use of a germanium detector – HPGe 4020 by examining photons with energy in the range 0.5 MeV to 3 MeV. In consequence, the concentrations of such radioisotopes as 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and, 137Cs were determined by their decay products, but the radiation effect of natural radioisotopes was estimated by I1 and I2 coefficients. The investigation shows the most contaminated residue in the sediments at the bottom of the settling tank.
Mining association rules (MAR) are applied in elucidating on the abundances and association of Fe minerals in soils within the proximity of an abandoned manganese oxide (MnO^) mine. Four hundred soil samples were obtained from a 4 km2 area close to the abandoned mine in Kgwakgwe, Botswana. The Fe minerals in the soil samples were identified by x-ray diffractometry. Results depicted haematite and goe- thite present in different abundances: none, trace, minor and major in soils from the study area but only haematite in soils from the control site. From 16 possible combinations of the two Fe minerals in the soil samples, MAR results for confidence, certainty factor, lift and support, depicted haematite in major quan­tity to be the most influential. This fact is substantiated by its occurrence in the country shales.
Soil microorganisms may be both sensitive and resilient to various disturbances. The effects of a single stressor on soil microorganisms have been well studied, but only limited research has been carried out to test the effects of simultaneous action of diverse stressors. Soil samples were collected from a long-term polluted zinc and lead site and an unpolluted site. Modeling studies assumed spiking soils with five different concentrations of nickel (400, 800, 1.600, 3.200, and 6.400 mg Ni·kg⁻¹ dry weight soil) and their incubation under different humidity conditions (10%, 75%, and 120% of water holding capacity). We wanted to test if additional environmental disturbances have a different effect on microorganisms from polluted and unpolluted soils. The study showed that after 30 and 120 days of incubation, increasing Ni pollution inhibited microbial respiration rate (R), both in unpolluted and long-term metal polluted soils, irrespective of soil moisture. After 30 days of the experiment, microbial communities in both soils demonstrated a similar response to the additional toxicant. However, after 120 days of exposure to Ni, microbial communities from the unpolluted soil showed much higher inhibition of R than microbes from the polluted soils (p<0.001). The results might suggest that Ni co-tolerance mechanisms occurred in long-term metal polluted microbial communities.
This paper presents the results of determination of artificial 137cs and natural 40K activity concentrations and some heavy metals in soil samples from the region of one of the main valleys of Tatra National Park (Chochołowska). Our investigation concentrated on 137Cs and heavy metal levels in mountain soil taken from Chochołowska Valley, which revealed great variability in their concentration. The results show con­siderably small amounts of radionuclides 137cs and 40K in the soils. Larger amounts of those elements can be found in the organic surface horizons of the soils. The evaluation of the content of those elements must be based on the bulk density analysis of the soil.
This paper investigated concentrations of heavy metals in roadside surface soil samples collected from the D-100 highway in Sakarya, Turkey. The sequential extraction procedure has been applied to 24 soil surface samples and heavy metals concentrations (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) determined by ICP-OES. The three-step BCR sequential extraction procedure was used in order to evaluate mobility, availability, and persistence of trace elements in roadside surface soil samples. Validation of the analytical results was checked by analysis of the BCR-701 certified reference material. The results showed good agreement between the obtained and the certified values for the heavy metals analyzed. The results show that Zn (229 µg/g), Pb (227 µg/g), Mn (129 µg/g), Fe (113 µg/g), and Cr (101 µg/g) are the most contaminated heavy metals in roadside surface soil samples.
Mesostigmatid mites (Acari) were studied in various microhabitats of Central Croatia (Dalmatia). Altogether 320 samples (taken during August 2002) and 2074 individuals were examined. Checklist of soil Mesostigmata, with microenvironmental notices was prepared.
The nested PCR has been used to evaluate the usefulness and efficiency of different Bacillus anthracis spore isolation methods in contaminated soil samples. The best results were obtained using two methods described by Beyer et al. [1] and Cheun et al. [9]. Outer and inner pairs of primers were designed from the protective antigen gene of plasmid pXO1 as well as from genes B and C of the capsule region of the plasmid pXO2. The influence of soil types on obtained results was also studied. The type of soil samples did not affect the nested PCR results. Furthermore, the sensitivity of nested PCR and PCR – ELISA was also examined.
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