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Effect of herbicides on the course of ammonification in soil

100%

Kucharski J., Bacmaga M., Wyszkowska J.

Journal of Elementology

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2009

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tom 14

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nr 3

477-487

A laboratory experiment has been performed to determine the effect of soil pollution with the herbicides: Harpun 500 SC, Faworyt 300 SL, Akord 180 OF and Mocarz 75 WG on the course of ammonification. The soil material for the experiment consisted of loamy sand of pH 6.5. The experiment comprised five replications. Soil samples in particular objects were polluted with the herbicides at rates corresponding to the dose recommended by the manufacturer: 0 – control, 1 – a dose recommended by the producer, and the rates 50-, 100-, 150- and 200-fold higher than the recommended dose. Next, nitrogen was introduced to soil in the form of L-aspartic acid, DL-alanine, L-arginine and urea in the amounts of 0 and 300 mg N kg-1 soil. Having been thoroughly mixed with the additional substances, the soil was brought to moisture equal 60% capillary water capacity and incubated for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours at 25oC. The study has demonstrated that the course of ammonification depended on the type and rate of a herbicide added to soil, type of an organic compound undergoing ammonification and duration of the trial. L-arginine was ammonified most rapidly, while ammonification of L-aspartic acid lasted the longest. Among the tested herbicides, the strongest inhibitory effect on ammonification process was produced by Mocarz 75 WG, which continued to exert negative influence on mineralisation of organic substances for 36 hours. The other preparations did not have such a considerable effect on the quantities of ammonified nitrogen.

2

The problem of the estimation of the industrial soil pollution extent

100%

Gruszczynski S.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2007

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tom 40

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nr 1

Significant spatial variability of the accumulation of pollutants in soils can make problems in the determination of the borders defining a zone where pollution, according to the applied legal requirements, is excessive. Particular difficulty is caused by a short-distance variability, disturbing the regularity in a spatial distribution of pollution around the source of emission. The paper presents an alternative, compared to traditional interpolation methods, algorithms based on the optimization and the application non-linear neural networks called mixture density network MDN and feature space mapping network FSM.The benefit from the application of this approach is more information referring to the distribution of pollution. This approach allows the estimation of the local variance of the accumulation of pollutants and approximate local distribution. This allows greater extent of taking into account the uncertainty connected with the spatial variability of soil pollution.

3

Effect of soil pollution on bacterial resistance to lead ions: an experimental approach

86%

Blaszak M., Bienkowska D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

555-560

The objective of the laboratory experiment was to study the resistance to lead ions of bacteria isolated from soil with various level of contamination with this element. Lead (II) acetate trihydrate was applied to the soil (sandy loam) in two doses so that the total content of lead corresponded to weak (250 mg kg⁻¹) and strong (5000 mg kg⁻¹) contamination of soil with lead. From each of the soil (control, weakly and strongly contaminated soil) bacterial isolates were obtained and several dozen of them were randomly chosen for the experiment. The isolates were severally point wise cultured in three repetitions onto microbiological medium contaminated with lead (1000 mg dm⁻³) and on the same control medium. The diameter of grown “twin” colonies in both cultures were compared. For each isolate separately the resistance index (RI) was described as a ratio of bacterial cultures diameter of the soil isolate cultured on the contaminated medium to the diameter of the same isolate cultured on the control medium. On the basis of the various RI results, the bacteria were divided into four resistance groups (RG) of approximate resistance index: I group, RI = 0 – entirely sensitive bacteria (no growth on the contaminated medium); II group 0

4

The role of magnesium in the protection of entomopathogenic nematodes from soil pollution with oil derivatives

86%

Jaworska M.

Journal of Elementology

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2014

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tom 19

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nr 3

The aim of the paper was to identify the influence of magnesium on the preservation of pathogenic abilities of entomopathogenic nematodes living in soil contaminated with oil derivatives. Entomopathogenic nematodes living under natural conditions in soil or applied to soil as biopreparations for plant pest control are sensitive to soil contamination with heavy metals and oil derivatives. These nematodes do not respond directly by higher mortality but by a decrease in their pathogenic abilities, which adversely affects the success in searching and eliminating pests. A Polish commercial preparation called Owinema SC, containing infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), was used to test the effect of oil derivatives on pathogenicity and reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes. Soil was polluted with petrol, diesel oil and used engine oil; the control was soil unpolluted with oil derivatives. Magnesium sulphate was also added (MgSO4∙H2O) in the amount of 160 mg per 1 liter of the suspension. The three oil derivatives in concentrations of: 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 g or in double doses, i.e. 0.6, 1.2 and 2.0 g were poured over weighted soil batches. The control remained intact. Three replications of each treatment were made. Subsequently, Tenebrio molitor L. larvae used as bait inesct were placed in containers with the suspension. The bait insects were kept in the containers for 7 days, and afterwards they were removed from the soil and taken from the traps in order to check their mortality rate. Furthermore, to test the reproduction ability of entomopathogenic nematodes, dead larvae were moved to “islands” previously prepared according to the Dutky method. The results were presented as the number of entomopathogenic nematodes per 1 dead larvae of Tenebrio molitor L.

5

Copper in the surface layer of the farmland soils in Poland

86%

Terelak H., Tujaka A., Pietruch C.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2003

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tom 36

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nr 2

137-143

This paper presents the results of studies of the content of copper in the 0-20 cm layer of farmland soils in Poland and the correlation between the content of this element in the soil and the content of the granulometric fractions < 0.02 and the < 0.002, organic matter and pHKCl. The Cu content determined in soils varies between 0.2 and 725.0 whilst the expected Cu content is in the range 3.1-13.6 mg kg-1. The geometrical and arithmetical mean values of the copper content in soils amount to 6.5 and 8.6 mg kg-1 respectively. Approximately 97% of the countrys agricultural soils have a natural Cu content (0o - unpolluted soils) whereas 3% have a slightly elevated content of Cu (Io). Soils with different degrees of Cu pollution (weakly polluted -IIo, medium heavily polluted - IIIo, heavily polluted - IVo, very heavily polluted - Vo) represent only 0.40% of farmlands area. Soils in industrialised regions contain higher quantities of copper and are polluted with Cu to a greater degree than are the rural soils nationally.

86%

Czaban J., Wroblewska B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 6

Results of laboratory soil suspension experiments with two soils differing in organic C content (1.1 and 4.2%) and texture (14.6 – 61.0 – 24.4% and 67.5 – 20.0 -12.5% for sand – silt – clay, respectively) showed that intensive microbial growth after the addition of a sucrose nutrient medium (SNMed) caused partial transformation of the solid phase Cd to forms soluble in 0.1 M NaOH. The transformation of Cd was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease of the solid phase Cd extractability by a solvent consisting of 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M triethanolamine (DTPA). These changes of the solid phase Cd extractability were probably caused by Cd binding to microbial biomass and microbial metabolism products. After the addition of SNMed, a concomitant phenomenon of an increase of Cd DTPA-extractability was observed, especially in the case of the course-textured soil with the higher organic C content. In a soil (not soil suspension) experiment, stimulation of microbial growth by SNMed addition caused different changes of Cd DTPA-extractability in the examined soils. In the fine-textured soil with the lower organic C content the process decreasing the solid phase Cd solubility in DTPA prevailed, but in the other soil, the opposite phenomenon predominated. The occurrence in nature of the phenomena observed under laboratory conditions is discussed.

14

Heavy metals in alluvial soils of the Vistula River delta

86%

Orzechowski M.

Natural Sciences

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1999

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tom 02

15

Pollution of environmental components by anthropogenic activities in a selected region in the Czech Republic

86%

Wittlingerova Z.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio C, Biologia

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1999

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tom 54

16

Geochemical assessment of heavy metals pollution of urban soils

86%

Grzebisz W., Ciesla L., Komisarek J., Potarzycki J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 5

Metals associated with urban soils are of environmental concern because of their direct and indirect effects on human health. The main purposes of this study undertaken in the city of Poznań (Poland) were to identify heavy metals with dangerous environmental load and to define areas of their environmental impact. Measured concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in surface horizon and background soils were used to estimate the geochemical load indices and their spatial distribution in urban soils. It was found that concentrations of heavy metals were higher than geochemical background in 61% of the samples for Cadmium, 47% of samples for Lead, 49% of samples for Copper, and 61% of samples for Zinc. Contaminated areas by heavy metals are concentrated around industrial plants and in the center of the city as well as along highways.

17

Agricultural production management under conditions of Ukraine Polissya soil local radio-nuclide pollution as Chernobyl disastrous effects

86%

Yakobenczuk V. F.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

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2001

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tom 77

18

Extraction removal of lead from soil

86%

Korolewicz T., Turek M., Ciba J.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2000

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tom 26

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nr 1

19

Spatial distribution of mercury in bottom sediments and soils from Poznan, Poland

86%

Boszke L., Kowalski A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2006

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tom 15

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nr 2

The city of Poznań is located in west-central Poland. With over 578,900 inhabitants it is one of the biggest industrial centres in Poland. The aim of this study was to determine distribution of mercury in bottom sediments and soil from Poznań. Total mercury concentrations have been determined in bottom sediments (ponds, lakes, streams and rivers) and soil samples collected in 2003 from Poznań. Mercury was determined using the cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry method (CV-AFS). Total mercury concentration in the bottom sediments was 97 ±70 ng/g dry weight (range 29-283). Average total mercury concentration in the soil from urban areas was 146 ± 130 ng/g dry weight (range 17-746). The results of the study have shown that mercury distribution in the samples of water and bottom sediments, collected from various sites in Poznań, is relatively uniform. In contrast to the above, the concentration of mercury in the soil samples varies over a relatively large range. The soils were grouped according to the present land use, i.e. lawn and meadow soils, urban forests soils, soils of not current agricultural use and agricultural soils.

20

Properties of leached forest-meadow chernozem polluted with lead and cadmium

72%

Hrebelna N., Kosynets O., Sokolowska Z., Bowanko G., Warchulska P.

Acta Agrophysica

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2009

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tom 13

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nr 3[168]

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