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The aim of the paper is to present the approach to the application of the graph clustering algorithm to the recognition of geotechnical layers from the dilatometer tests. Results of the measurements obtained from the DMT test in the test site (subsoil of one of the buildings in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences campus) were analyzed by the clustering algorithm which was able to extract the separate groups of the measurements, representing identical soil type. This method is parameterized, so its verifi cation by the geotechnical experts was necessary to determine the optimal parameter values. They lead to the determination of the soil types as close to the actual situation, as possible. Also, the output of the algorithm was analyzed by the geotechnical experts to identify and label the extracted soil types.
The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.
Soil microbes' activity is very important for forming of the nutrient stock and , soil structure, as well as the carbon cycle simulation. This is particularly crucial for deep soil layers. Effect of soil microbes on the rate of accumulation and decomposition of the soil organic carbon (SOC) has been found for different regions. However, it is known still a little on the SOC performance for different decomposition rates and its relation to the microbial activity in the saline-alkali desert ecosystem. Therefore, the main task of our research was investigation of interrelation between the soil organic carbon and microbial carbon (SMC) at different depths in the original saline-alkali Gurbantünggüt Desert. Our results showed in the soil vertical profile, (i) SMC and SOC presented a very significant positive linear correlation (R² = 0.63, P = 0.0003); (ii) SMC exhibited two obvious changed-interfaces - 20 cm and 80 cm, the SMC at depth of 0–20 cm, 20–80 cm and 80–500 cm was 2.24–3.06, 0.19–0.72, and 0.0017–0.0097 mg kg⁻¹, respectively; (iii) in the depth of 0–20 cm and 20–80 cm, the SMC had highly significant difference (P < 0.0001) and at 20–80 cm and 80–500 cm, significant difference (P = 0.013); (iv) according to the soil division based on the SMC, SOC also had some certain stratification; (v) organic carbon layers can be respectively defined according to different microbial activities as active, inert, and stable organic carbon pool. Therefore, these three kinds of organic carbon pools can be quantitatively measured by analyzing their location at different depths of the soil profile.
This paper discusses the results of soil surveys of the content of different forms of potassium (K) carried out in 2003/2004 in Southeast Poland. A total of 700 soil samples, representing all soil textural groups, were collected from the plough layer and the subsoil, with the content of ‘total’, reserve, exchangeable, ‘available’ and water soluble potassium being determined. The content of all forms of non-water soluble potassium depends on soil texture, soil pH and the soil layer. The average shares of reserve, exchangeable and water soluble potassium in the ‘total’ potassium were 35.8, 11.8 and 2.76 % respectively, increasing from light to heavy soils and being higher in the plough layer than in the subsoil. The content of ‘available’ potassium determined in Poland using the Egner-Riehm DL method closely correlates with the content of exchangeable potassium.
W artykule przedstawione zostały ogólne zasady wydzielenia warstw gruntów na podstawie sondowań geotechnicznych. Zestawiono wyniki badań CPT oraz DMT z kampusu SGGW, a także wyznaczono w podłożu warstwy geotechniczne. Na podstawie wyników z badań laboratoryjnych, przede wszystkim analizy uziarnienia, rozpoznano rodzaj gruntu i porównano z danymi określonymi w badaniach terenowych. Przeprowadzono również analizę statystyczną danych z badań terenowych. Dodatkowo przedstawiono różnice w klasyfikacji gruntów według polskiej normy PN-86/B-02480 i normy europejskiej PN-EN ISO 14688.
The paper presents the results of measurements of some chemical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers taken from north-east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and most of them in former time were under subirrigation systems. The following basic chemical properties were analysed: organic C, total N, C:N ratio, pH and ash content. In the paper also the relationships between some basic chemical and physical properties were analysed (ash content with bulk density, particle density and porosity). Increasing of ash content caused the decreasing of some chemical properties (organic carbon and total nitrogen content) and increasing some physical properties (bulk density and particle density).
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