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1

Clay minerals of some European chernozems

100%
Ciolkosz E. J., Uziak S.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2003
|
tom 36
|
nr 2
153-162
Five profiles of chernozems from several European countries were examined in the present study. The chernozems developed from various rocks and differed in their morphology and chemical properties. Mineralogical studies were carried out on the fraction <2 ľm by an X-ray method, using a diffractometer with a proportional recorder. It was found that all European chernozems examined in this study had a similar mineral complex of the clay fraction. Its major components were montmorillonite and illite usually forming mixed structures, whereas kaolinite, quartz, vermiculite and chlorite were present in smaller amounts, and feldspars occurred as trace minerals. Basically, differences in the mineral composition of various profiles and various soil horizons lie in different quantitative relations between the minerals listed above.
2

Soil subhorizon-Ofh - a potential geoindicator of environmental pollution

100%
Migaszewski Z. M., Galuszka A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2008
|
tom 17
|
nr 3
405-410
Geoindicators enable us to assess the quality of the environment and to monitor anthropogenic impacts on different ecosystems. The results of geochemical studies of soils in the selected forest ecosystems of eastern Poland (performed during 1998–2003) indicated that the organic fermentative-humic (Ofh) soil subhorizon was characterized by increased accumulative capabilities of mercury, lead and presumably polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons compared to underlying soil horizons. Moreover, the subhorizon-Ofh constrains the migration of these chemical species. Due to a substantial diversity of forest soils in the temperate zone, it may be regarded as a good pollution geoindicator for temperate forest ecosystems.
3

Concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface horizons of soils in immediate neighbourhood of illegal waste dumps

100%
Kaszubkiewicz J., Kawalko D., Perlak Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 1
73-82
The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils in the immediate neighbourhood of illegal waste dumps and to determine the mutual relations among the particular PAHs as well as the relations between PAH and humus of a group of soils with natural and anthropogenically increased content of those compounds. Soil samples for the determinations were taken in the immediate neighbourhood of illegal dumping grounds of municipal wastes and materials that are predominantly construction materials. The collected soil material was used to determine the grain size composition of the soils, their reaction, content of organic matter and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the method of high-efficiency liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The study revealed numerous instances of exceeding standard levels of individual PAHs as well as of their total content. Application of statistical analysis of concentrations permitted the division of the objects studied into two groups differing notably in the level of individual PAHs as well as in their total concentration. In the group of objects that were classified as non-contaminated, the existence of positive, statistically significant correlation was found between the total concentration of PAHs and the content of humus compounds, while in the group of contaminated objects the correlation was statistically non-significant.
4

Impact of certain genetic horizons of soil on the yield and chemical composition of Westerwold ryegrass [Arrhenatherum elatius L.]

100%
Brogowski Z., Kozanecka T.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2009
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
77-88
The aim of these studies was to assess the impact of genetic horizons of podzolic soil and eutric cambisol on the yield and chemical composition of ryegrass. In plants the same components were quantified as in soil in an exchangeable form. What was additionally quantified in plants was the total nitrogen and the content of organic acids, as they make it possible to determine the ionic balance.
5

Mobility of exchangeable cations in soils from long term field experiments in Skierniewice

80%
Kozanecka T., Brogowski Z., Kisiel M., Stepien W.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2009
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
1-14
Taking advantage of the long term field stationary experiments in Skierniewice started at 1922 based on fixed mono-fertilization, the mobility of the exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, K, Na was studied for the whole soil profile up at a depth of 100 cm. Mobility was studied using an electrodialysis method to remove and determine cations in the cathode solutions. Calcium proved to be most mobile element and sodium the least mobile and the mobility ranking of exchangeable cations in the soil under investigation is as: Ca > K > Mg > Na. The genetic horizons of the soils showed differentiated mobility for individual cations. Cations in the surface horizons (up to 50 cm) are more mobile than in the deeper horizons with trace amounts of humus.
6

Zależność właściwości hydraulicznych gleby bielicowej od zawartości węgla organicznego

80%
Bryk M.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2009
|
tom 542
|
nr 2
Scharakteryzowano przewodnictwo wodne wszystkich poziomów genetycznych leśnej gleby bielicowej właściwej wytworzonej z piasku. Odpowiednie próbki glebowe pobrano ze środka każdego poziomu genetycznego. Określono całkowitą zawartość węgla organicznego, wyznaczono krzywą desorpcji wody i przewodnictwo wodne gleby w strefie nasyconej. Na podstawie teorii van Genuchtena-Mualema modelowano krzywą retencji wodnej i przewodnictwo wodne gleby w pełnym zakresie wilgotności i potencjału wody glebowej. Stwierdzono, że estymowana przez model van Genuchtena krzywa retencji wodnej bardzo dobrze opisywała przebieg rzeczywistej zależności potencjału wody glebowej i zawartości wody. Umożliwiło to prawidłową ocenę przewodnictwa wodnego omawianej gleby na bazie modelu Mualema. Przewodnictwo wodne w strefie nasycenia poziomu organicznego było znacznie wyższe niż dla poziomów mineralnych. Jednocześnie poziom organiczny charakteryzował się najniższymi wartościami przewodnictwa wodnego w strefie nienasycenia. Przewodnictwo wodne, zarówno w strefie nasyconej, jak i nienasyconej, mineralnych poziomów genetycznych wzrastało wraz ze spadkiem całkowitej zawartości węgla organicznego.
7

Geochemical and geophysical study of historical Zn-Pb ore processing waste dump areas [southern Poland]

80%
Cabala J., Zogala B., Dubiel R.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2008
|
tom 17
|
nr 5
693-700
This paper presents the results of mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical studies of Zn-Pb processing waste dump stored at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The mineral composition of wastes was identified using the XRD method, the contents of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Tl were determined using the AAS method, whereas the characteristic features of metalliferous grains were examined using the ESEM method. High geochemical mobility of these metals reduces plant succession and brings about the pollution of the former Zn-Pb ores mine areas. High contents of Zn-Pb-Fe sulfides and unstable, hydrated Pb, Fe, Pb-Fe sulfates result in distinctly raised levels of heavy metals (Zn 121,501 mg kg⁻¹, Pb 208,869 mg kg⁻¹, Cd 477 mg kg⁻¹). Various waste types and surrounding Triassic or Quaternary deposits differ significantly in mineral composition, and consequently in physical properties such as electrical conductivity of top soil horizons. This enabled using geoelectric methods for the purpose of this study, and contouring mine wastes in the polluted areas. The field geophysical survey was carried out with a high-resolution conductivity meter (Geonics EM31-MK2).
8

Content of the total and mineral nitrogen in three soil horizons and plant yields in long-term experiments

80%
Stepien W., Mercik S.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2009
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
89-95
The effects of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers and from manure on the yield of rye and potatoes, as well as the content of the total and mineral nitrogen in soil horizons up to 65 cm, were studied for 3 years. The study results were obtained from fields where rye and potatoes had been cultivated in monocultures from 1923 and from fields on which these plants were cultivated in rotation without manure and without a papilionaceous plant. Combinations of CaPK or PK non-fertilized with nitrogen, CaNPK or NPK fertilized with this component and fertilized with manure applied every year or every 4 years with CaNPK were used for the studies. In the case of similar amounts of N, P, K introduced to soils with manure and mineral fertilizers, greater yield was obtained and better recovery of nitrogen by the plants was observed while using mineral fertilizers. As a result of using sole manure, much more total nitrogen was obtained in all soil layers than in the case of mineral fertilizers. Sections with manure also included greater amounts of mineral nitrogen than the ones with mineral fertilizers, but only in the Ap and Bt horizon.
9

Lithological-pedogenic discontinuity on the slopes of the Lysogory Massif in the Holy Cross Mountains

80%
Kowalkowski A.
Quaestiones Geographicae
|
1991-1992
|
tom 17-18
10

Characteristics of diurnal water loss of five adjacent ecosystems at Changbai Mountains in Northeast China

80%
Chen X., Li B. L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
Changes in ecosystem water consumption and hydrological processes following ecosystem alterations are important for environmental management and regional water supply. In this study on relatively dry days, the temporal dynamics of diurnal soil water contents at different soil depths were investigated within five adjacent ecosystems (primary forest and four ecosystems changed from the primary forest after human disturbance – clear-cut, grassland, shrub and secondary forest) at the altitude around 700 m a.s.l. at Changbai Mountain in Northeast China. On July 17, 2001 the diurnal water loss in the clear-cut was the highest among the five ecosystems and reached about 3.74 ¥ 10⁵ kg ha⁻¹, and it was lowest and about 1.07 ¥ 10⁵ kg ha⁻¹ in the primary forest of mixed broadleaved Korean pine forest. The temporal dynamics of soil water contents at different depths in the studied ecosystems were complicated but there were some common characteristics. First, soil water contents were higher at soil surface (about 0–10 cm) and then decreased with the soil depths. Second, soil moisture fluctuations were most rapid in the depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, and were comparatively slow and more moderate at the greater depths. The spatial and temporal changes of soil water content might be related with aboveground plants. Therefore, after the primary forest was converted to other ecosystems the hydrological characteristics of the ecosystem were changed, which would potentially affect regional hydrological processes.
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