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1

Variability of water resources flowing away from small agricultural catchment

100%
Kanownik W., Kowalik T.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 1
65-71
Monthly, seasonal and annual values for outflow and outflow coefficient measured over ten years for a small agricultural catchment are presented. The catchment is situated at 723-822 m a.s.l and covers 40.57 ha. Mean annual precipitation total during the investigated period was 850 mm and mean annual air temperature was 5.9oC. Average annual overall outflow from the catchment was 446 mm, i.e. 52% of total precipitation. The outflow varied considerably in relation to rainfall/snowfall/snowmelt conditions. The highest monthly outflow was in March and the lowest in November (20.6% and 3.8% of the annual outflow, respectively). Considerable variability of the outflow from the catchment is caused mainly by frequent torrential rains in summer and infiltration of water into groundwater reserves during spring snowmelt.
2
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Predicted small catchment responses to heavy rainfalls with SEGMO and two sets of model parameters

100%
Krajewski A., Lee H., Hejduk L., Banasik K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2014
|
tom 46
|
nr 3
The study tests the ability of hydrological part of SEGMO (SedimentGraph Model), i.e. lumped parametric rainfall-runoff procedure of SEGMO to simulate design storm runoff in a Korean catchment. The aim of the investigation is to predict responses of small catchment of the Jeungpyeong river, located in central part of South Korea, with the area of 133.6 km2, to 100-year rainfall events, applying SEGMO and using two parallel approaches for model parameter estimation. The first approach is based on catchment characteristics and USDA-SCS procedures, which is suitable for ungauged basins, and the other one is based on rainfall-runoff measurements. The way of estimation of model parameters has been demonstrated. Finally, the model outputs are compared. The difference in largest peak discharges obtained from SEGMO with the two sets of model parameters, i.e. when estimated on the base of catchment characteristics and USDA-SCS procedures, and on the base of rainfall-runoff measurements were relatively small, approaching 37%. This investigation can be seen as checking the uncertainties in model parameter estimation and their influence on flood flows.
3
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Vlijanie konfiguracii malykh urbanizirovannykh bassejjnov stoka na gidrografy pritoka dozhdevykh stochnykh vod

86%
Zhuk V.
Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa
|
2015
|
tom 17
|
nr 6
4

Prognostic model of total runoff and its components from a partially urbanized small lowland catchment

86%
Szymczak T., Krezalek K.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2018
|
tom 17
|
nr 3
The aim of the work is to present a new hydrological model, developed at the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy), which can be used to simulate and study the formation of total runoff and its components from a small lowland agricultural catchment, in various meteorological conditions, taking into account the different initial retention status of the catchment and the impact of urbanized areas on the said runoff. The study involved the necessity of choosing the type of the model, and the manner of describing hydrological processes. Based on studying subject literature, as well as on the results of previous research and observations conducted in the upper Mławka river catchment (left tributary of the Wkra river), it was assumed that the most appropriate tool for prognostic and simulation purposes would be a conceptual model, that – in its structure and description of hydrological processes – would take into account the theory of active areas (variable source areas). It was assumed that a simple model would be developed as far as possible, that would create the possibility of simulating hydrographs of total runoff, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and ground runoff from a natural catchment, and from catchments which have been urbanized to varying degrees. The work also includes the presentation of proposed principles for the classification of urbanized areas, taking into account their location within the catchment area and the way of draining rainwater, as well as a description of adequate modules of the model that would make it possible to simulate the runoff from the urbanized sub-catchments. The model is described by the state-space representations (differential equations) and output equations. It works with a one-hour time interval. The input is total precipitation and reference evapotranspiration. On the output end, we receive the total runoff hydrograph, and the hydrographs of the components of this runoff. The model includes 10 optimized parameters, occurring in procedures simulating processes in the natural, non-transformed part of the catchment, and 10 measurable parameters used to describe partially urbanized catchments. The article presents the results of identifying the parameters for the model, and of its verification. For this purpose, 5 hydrographs of total runoff were used, between 192 and 432 hours long, including storm surges. They were recorded in the catchment of the upper-course Mławka river. The obtained values of the criterion functions lead us to conclude that the quality of the model is very good. The model has been used for simulation studies of the impact of urbanization of the agricultural catchment on the parameters of river runoff (Krężałek 2018).
5

Forecasting the formation of freshets in small lowland catchment for different scenarios of urbanization

86%
Krezalek K.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2018
|
tom 17
|
nr 3
The purpose of the work was to present the results of simulation studies of river runoff carried out with the use of a conceptual model specially developed for this purpose for an urbanized lowland catchment. Different variants of forecasts were developed of the impact of introducing various forms of urbanization on the formation of river runoff during freshets in the small, lowland catchment of upper Mławka river, covering the area of 66 km². For the needs of the research, classification of urbanized areas was made based on their location within the catchment, and the method of discharging rainfall runoff. Particular variants differed from one another as to the location of sealed areas, the degree of urbanization of the catchment, the initial waterlogging of the catchment, as well as the basic precipitation assumed for calculations. They provided the foundations for the assessment of the impact of various forms of urbanization of the catchment area on the formation of freshets, taking into account the catchment’s natural properties, such as the occurrence of variable source areas. The subject of the analysis was not only the total runoff volume, but also its components – surface, subsurface and groundwater runoff. Analysis of the results of river runoff simulation, taking into account the components of this runoff, leads to the conclusion that the total increase of direct runoff volume and its peak value are caused not only by direct supply from sealed surfaces, but also from indirect impact, causing changes in the runoff regime in areas not covered by urbanization. Sealed and channelled areas located beyond the maximum range of active (variable source) areas, on which direct runoff does not occur in natural conditions, increase the runoff area in the scale of the catchment area as a whole. To compare, the peak freshet values for variants associated with urbanization and channelling outside the variable source areas are between 20% and 40% higher than in the case of analogous conditions and the sealing of the same area in the area of direct runoff.
6
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Parameter identification of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small urban catchment

86%
Sikorska A., Banasik K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2010
|
tom 42
|
nr 2
As a consequence of city expansion, the conditions of catchments located in urban areas have been permanently changing. This leads to an increase of flood risk in an urban area resulting from overflows of small streams, which are not prepared to receive more water. Moreover, hydrological data from long-time period are usually not available for small streams in an urban area and are limited to the last few years or to the moment after introduced changes within catchment in relation to urbanization. Therefore, it becomes hardly possible to use direct methods of estimating flood flows for small streams, which needs a reach data set. For that reason, mathematical modelling is growing as a basic method of evaluation of flood flows in urban area with limited information of a catchment. The object of this paper is to identify parameters of a conceptual model of rainfall-runoff process within a small ungauged urban catchment and to verify how chosen characteristics of a model depend on chosen rainfall characteristics. The results of modelling of pluvial flooding, conducted in a small urban catchment – Służew Creek catchment (located in Warsaw, Poland), have been presented in the paper. This catchment has been monitored by Department of Water Engineering and Environmental Restoration (Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW) for a few years. Next, the results present a comparison of estimation of instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) by the Rao, Delleur and Sarma equations with the one established on recorded data. This empirical method consists of the ratio of urbanized area within catchment as well as in the duration and amount of an effective rainfall during a storm event. Moreover, including ratio of urbanized area allows user to adopt this method in a simple way to new conditions of the catchment, which is important as far as urban areas are considered. Considered IUHs were based on the Nash model, in which catchment is depicted as a cascade of N linear reservoirs with the same retention parameter k. For separation of the effective rainfall from the recorded storm the CN-SCS method was applied. To compare two methods, IUHs were estimated basing on three hydrological years (2007–2009) for a Berensewicz Pond profile and the comparison was made on the base of an IUH characteristic value – Lag time. The results of identification and verification of characteristics values of IUH (Lag and k) for Służew Creek catchment, presented in this paper, have indicated a statistical correlation between lag time and the sum of total and effective precipitation, and between k parameter and the sum of total and effective precipitation as well. Moreover, the analysis has shown that IUH characteristics estimated with the use of Rao, Delleur and Sarma equation has given promising results in comparison with the characteristics of measured IUH. Therefore, this method could be useful to estimate and predict flood flows in ungauged urban catchments in situation of limited information. However, this research needs further investigation and verification.
7

Transportation of sediment carried during flood events in a small urban catchment

86%
Krajewski A., Gladecki J., Banasik K.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2018
|
tom 17
|
nr 3
The aim of this study is to present results of investigations into rainfall–runoff–suspended sediment transport process, based on field measurements conducted in small (A = 28.7 km²) urban catchment of Służew Creek, located in Warsaw. Hydrological monitoring was carried out by the Department of Hydraulic Engineering at the WULS-SGGW (Warsaw University of Life Sciences). Between 2014–2017, twelve flood events were recorded, during which rainfall, discharge, turbidity, and suspended sediment concentrations were measured. The correlation between the flows and sediment concentration was analysed and clockwise hysteresis for all events was indicated, meaning that sediment concentrations during the increase of water flows were higher than at the same flow values during the fall of the flood wave. Also first flush effect has been noted, that is, most of the sediment loads was washed-off at the beginning of the flood event; whereas the peak concentration occurred prior to the maximum discharge. Statistically significant correlation between direct runoff and suspended sediment has been established.
8

Soil water content evaluation and modeling in small catchment with agricultural use

72%
Jurik L., Kaletova T., Halaszova K., Bako A., Ochmanova L.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2013
|
tom 12
|
nr 3
Due to extreme consequences of drought and flood in soil and landscape is necessary to know hydrological balance and soil water content. We used historical data about discharge, weather and crops from years 1974–1994, as well as measurements of soil moisture in the forest and arable soil, in grassland and Salix viminalis L. According to this information, the baseflow (by ABSCAN), surface runoff (SCS method), water retention and soil water content were calculated and evaluated.
9

Mathematical modelling of rainfall runoff from small catchments of the northwest coast of the Black Sea

72%
Moniushko M., Daus M., Zakharova M.
Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications
|
2015
|
tom 03
|
nr 1
This article is devoted to the use of a mathematical model of a flood runoff for calculating rainfall runoff hydrographs from small catchments of the northwest coast of the Black Sea. The described model was tested and applied for the following catchments located in various geographical conditions, with various amounts of initial data: experimental catchments in Zacarpathian, the northwest of the Black Sea region – Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, small catchments of the northern part of Vietnam, etc. This work was carried out on the basis of Moldavian Water-Balance Station databases. The development of a complex approach to a mathematical simulation of the formation of the processes of rain floods from small catchments is also given further investigation in this article. A brief description of the structure of a flood runoff spatial model from small catchments then provided. As well as this, the advantages of using radiolocation measurement of rainfall in the mathematical modeling of the formation of a flood runoff are shown. The results of construction runoff hydrographs confirm the possibility of applying this spatial model with the use of radar information. The optimization of model parameters was made with the data of 123 floods. The values of the quality criterion S/σ turned out not to exceed the value 0.8 in 81% of the considered cases of floods.
10

Circulation conditions of first-level groundwater in the Szarka catchment

72%
Graf R.
Quaestiones Geographicae
|
2000
|
tom 21
11
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Streamflow droughts and probability of their occurrence in a small agricultural catchment

72%
Kaznowska E., Banasik K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2011
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
The goal of this work consists in quantitative analysis of the occurrence of droughts and their occurrence probability estimated for a small agricultural catchment on the basis of a multi-annual series of daily streamflows in the Zagożdżonka river at the Płachty Stare gauging station, in the context of observed changes in the stream regime during the multi-annual period 1963-2010. The Zagożdżonka river catchment is one of a few in Poland, with long-term records on rainfall and runoff. To identify streamflow droughts in daily discharge hydrograms, truncation level Q90% (discharge determined from the flow duration curve) was used. Minimum duration of drought amounting to 10 days, was the additional criterion for identification of droughts. The Nizowka2003 model was used for finding distributions of the probability of deficit volume and duration of maximum summer droughts for the Zagożdżonka river. The droughts in the small agricultural catchment under study concern only summer half-years and most often they are of short duration – up to 20 days. Longer droughts, lasting lightly over 2 months, can be expected – once per 10 years. The occurrence of a summer drought lasting almost all the season in the Zagożdżonka river is probable once per 100 years. A weak correlation between the minimum drought discharge and their duration was found.
12
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Recorded lag times of snowmelt events in a small catchment

72%
Hejduk A., Banasik K.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2011
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
The hydrological and meteorological data collected in small, lowland catchment during snowmelt floods have been used to calculate lag time of runoff (Lag) and lag time of sediment yield (Lags). Both, Lag and Lags are important characteristics of the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and instantaneous unit sedimentgraph (IUSG). Field data from Zagożdżonka River catchment have been used to demonstrate the relationship between lag times. The results of investigation show that: a) there is a strong relationship between Lag and Lags; b) in most cases the value of a= Lags/Lag is smaller than 1; c) in case of snowmelt floods there was only poor correlation between parameter a and the total runoff depth (water supply).
13
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Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in the Carpathians

72%
Karabova B., Sikorska A. E., Banasik K., Kohnova S.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2012
|
tom 44
|
nr 2
One of the most important tasks in hydrology is to simulate and forecast hydrologic processes and variables. To achieve this, various linear and nonlinear hydrologic models were developed. One of the most commonly applied rainfall-runoff models is the Nash’s model of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) (Nash, 1957) used jointly with the CN-NRCS method. Within this paper, the Nash’s model was applied to a small forested basin (Vištucký Creek, Slovakia) to reconstruct rainfall-runoff events based on the recorded precipitation. The Vištucký Creek catchment, located in the Little Carpathians, is a part of the flood protection management of regional sites in the Little Carpathians. Therefore, the object of this paper is, first, to determine the parameters of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for the Vištucký creek catchment, second, to analyse how the selected characteristics of the model depend on the rainfall characteristics, and third, to compare obtained results with a similar study of Sikorska and Banasik (2010). The computer programme developed at the Dept. of Water Engineering (WULS-SGGW) was used to obtain the rainfall–runoff characteristics based on the Nash´s model. The derived characteristics were parameters of the Nash’s model (N, k, lag time) and rainfall-runoff characteristics (sum of total and effective precipitation, rainfall duration, runoff coefficient, time to IUH peak, value of IUH peak, goodness of fit). A relatively small effective precipitation from the rainfall events was derived. For the purpose of the analysis, a correlation between the lag time (and k parameter) and the sum of the total and effective precipitation was used. The use of the conceptual rainfall-runoff model (Nash´s model) for the small catchment in Carpathians was proved to give satisfactory results. The rainfall characteristics derived in this study are comparable to the results obtained by Spál et. al (2011), who used the same catchment in their analysis. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that there is a correlation between the rainfall duration and the lag time, what is opposite to the compared results of Sikorska and Banasik (2010).
14

Water relations and content of pollutants in the waters outflows of two lowland river microcatchments with a different afforestation

72%
Miler A. T., Liberacki D., Plewinski D.
Forestry
|
2001
|
tom 04
15
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The impact of snow-melt-rain flood on runoff denudation from small lowland catchments (on example of left-bank tributaries of the Lower Wieprza River)

58%
Florek W., Jonczak J., Princ C.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
|
2009
|
tom 13 part II
The aim of the paper is the evaluation of the surface runoff impact on chemical composition of waters, transport of suspension and dissolved substances out of the catchment in two left-bank tributaries of the lower Wieprza River – Potok Starokrakowski and Jarosławianka. During the flood discharges were several tens times higher than the average recorded in that period. In Potok Starokrakowski the discharge was 500 dm³/s (typical discharges 10-20 dm³/s) and in Jarosławianka 1500 dm³/s (typical discharges 10-40 dm³/s). The rapid increase in discharge in the streams caused activation of suspension transport in both catchments. In Potok Starokrakowski the suspension content in the flood period was 56.5 mg/dm³, while in Jarosławianka 160.3 mg/dm³. In the flood period, a considerable decrease in the concentration of some dissolved substances, including Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-, was observed. Simultaneously, an increase in the concentration of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), potassium, total organic carbon and Kjeldahl’s nitrogen (NK) was observed in both streams. Observed flood had huge meaning in suspended and soluted substances transport out of both catchments.
16

Ocena oddzialywan antropogenicznych o charakterze obszarowym na jakosc wod Strugi Dormowskiej

58%
Sojka M., Murat-Blazejewska S., Kanclerz J.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2008
|
tom 07
|
nr 2
15-27
17
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Probable annual floods in a small lowland river estimated with the use of various sets of data

58%
Banasik K., Byczkowski A.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2007
|
nr 38
3-10
The results of estimation of the probable annual fl ood fl ows with the use of various sets of data from a small agricultural lowland river are presented. The traditional statistical series are formed from the annual maximum (AM) fl ows of hydrological years. After examination of the homogeneity of the series, two sets of data were formed (AM1 of 34 elements and AM2 of 40 elements), which differed in the signifi cance level of one of the stationary tests. The other series for fl ood frequency analysis has been formed by selecting peaks over threshold discharges (POT). A computer program, developed by IMGW (Institute of Hydrology and Water Management), and spreadsheet were applied for frequency analysis with the use of AM series and POT series, espectively. Results of computations with the use of AM1 and AM2 data indicate for nonsignifi cant differences in probable fl ood fl ows, and signifi cant with the probable fl ood fl ow estimated with the POT data.
18

Zmiennosc przeplywow w ciekach malych zlewni nizinnych o zroznicowanym zasilaniu i stopniu lesistosci na tle warunkow meteorologicznych

58%
Stasik R., Szafranski C., Korytowski M., Liberacki D.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
|
2007
|
tom 06
|
nr 1
15-25
19

Mozliwosci gospodarowania woda w malych zlewniach rolniczych

58%
Pokladek R., Nyc K.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2007
|
tom 519
259-268
W pracy przedstawiono niektóre wyniki 11-letnich badan nad możliwościami gospodarowania wodą w bardzo małych zlewniach nizinnych w celu poprawy uwilgotnienia gleb. Określono skuteczność stosowania regulowanego odpływu dla odbudowy i utrzymania odpowiednio wysokiego stanu retencji gruntowej w latach przeciętnych i suchych. Stwierdzono również bardzo korzystny wpływ hamowania odpływu wody w ciekach na poprawę jakości wód powierzchniowych. Znacząco wzrosło natlenienie wód w ciekach, zmniejszyły się wskaźniki BZT₅ oraz zmalała zawartość azotu, fosforu i żelaza w wodach odpływających ze zmeliorowanych obiektów.
20

Kształtowanie się odpływu wody i zanieczyszczeń z małych zlewni rolniczych

58%
Durkowski T., Wesolowski P.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2008
|
tom 528
W pracy przedstawiono kształtowanie się odpływów wód i biogenów z dwóch małych zlewni rolniczych w latach 2002-2005. Obserwowano niskie odpływy z uwagi na małe sumy opadów w obu rzekach. Okresowo notowano wysokie stężenia azotanów i fosforanów. Ze zlewni wynoszone były znaczne ładunki jednostkowe azotanów do 10,7 kg·ha⁻¹, potasu 14 kg·ha⁻¹ i fosforanów 0,25 kg·ha⁻¹.
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