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Effectiveness of several kinds of beer and molluscicides in gastropod control was tested in a 15-week experiment in an allotment garden, using plants of Callistephus chinensis. Among the total of 462 gastropods trapped during the observation period, 98.1% were slugs; the greatest number of gastropods was trapped in July, in the first week of the experiment. The most effective baits were beer Żubr (25.5% of all trapped gastropods), Mesurol SK 04 GB (14.5%) and beer Żywiec Porter (13.2%). The degree of plant damage dependend negatively on the number of trapped gastropods, suggesting a possibility of slug control in allotments by means of various kinds of baits.
Arion vulgaris is one of the most important slug pests of crop plants, and is extremely hard to control. We assessed the effectiveness of a slug pellets containing iron phosphate, compared with methiocarb- and metaldehyde-based molluscicides, and of the parasitic nematode P. hermaphrodita contained in the commercial bioproduct Nemaslug. The effect of various doses of these substances and the nematode in reducing slug damage to Chinese cabbage plants was evaluated in laboratory experiments. A reduction in slug numbers and plant damage was obtained following application of the molluscicides, and a reduction in plant damage following application of P. hermaphrodita (immersion of plant roots in the nematode-containing liquid). The results are of great practical significance, because they show that it is possible to reduce the recommended dose of iron phosphate (5 g/m2) by one half. Another important finding is that application of the nematode in the form of root immersion is more effective than spraying. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the nematode and of the iron phosphate molluscicide in protecting plants from A. vulgaris; this is of particular importance for crops on which the application of traditional molluscicides is not possible.
Essential oil of Artemisia annua L. was investigated to find out its toxicity and physiological aspects on the slug Agriolimax agrestis, in controlled conditions (8±1°C, 75±5 RH and 14:10 LD). The slugs received different concentrations of essential oil treated radish leaves in methanol, while the control received methanol alone. LC10, LC30, LC50 and LC90 values were estimated at 4.67, 5.3, 5.81, 7.25%, respectively. The effect of the essential oil on some important enzymatic components like; cytochrome P450 monnooxygenase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, amylase and protease were significantly increased compared to the control. These results indicate that the plant Artemisia annua L. not only shows toxicity but also shows some irreversible effect on some important biochemical components and deserves further investigation.
Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is one of the most important diseases of barley in Poland. B. graminis is a genetically diverse pathogen with different special forms and races. The aim of the two-years’ experiment was to assess of B. gramins f. sp. hordei virulence frequency and powdery mildew occurrence on four winter barley cultivars. Virulence frequency of the pathogen depended on place and term of exposition. The occurrence of powdery mildew on four winter barley cultivars depended on virulence frequency of the pathogen and weather conditions.
A slug of the genus Belocaulus can lower itself on a mucus thread from the height of almost 3m, like a spider on a spider thread.
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A sea slug’s guide to plastid symbiosis

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Some 140 years ago sea slugs that contained chlorophyll-pigmented granules similar to those of plants were described. While we now understand that these “green granules” are plastids the slugs sequester from siphonaceous algae upon which they feed, surprisingly little is really known about the molecular details that underlie this one of a kind animal-plastid symbiosis. Kleptoplasts are stored in the cytosol of epithelial cells that form the slug’s digestive tubules, and one would guess that the stolen organelles are acquired for their ability to fix carbon, but studies have never really been able to prove that. We also do not know how the organelles are distinguished from the remaining food particles the slugs incorporate with their meal and that include algal mitochondria and nuclei. We know that the ability to store kleptoplasts long-term has evolved only a few times independently among hundreds of sacoglossan species, but we have no idea on what basis. Here we take a closer look at the history of sacoglossan research and discuss recent developments. We argue that, in order to understand what makes this symbiosis work, we will need to focus on the animal’s physiology just as much as we need to commence a detailed analysis of the plastids’ photobiology. Understanding kleptoplasty in sacoglossan slugs requires an unbiased multidisciplinary approach.
Mixtures of fly ash and slugs were subjected to laboratory tests in order to estimate their influence on natural water and soil condition in order to check their possible application towards for recultivaton or landfilling. The chemical composition of the mixtures and their extracts obtained with solutions of sulphuric acid (pH 2 or 4) as eluent (simulating acid rain) were determined. Assuming the criteria to be met by drinking water specified by the European Union and WHO documents, it was established that the heavy metals content in the fly ash and slug mixtures is not expected to have a negative effect on underground water.
W 2000 roku stwierdzono nowe stanowisko występowania ślimaka Arion lusitanicus Mabille. Było ono zlokalizowane w Poznachowicach Górnych (UTM DA 43) w siedlisku upraw rolniczych. Ślimak bardzo dobrze zaadoptował się w nowym siedlisku i jest groźnym szkodnikiem roślin uprawnych.
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