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The study investigated the relationship between estrus intensity and conception rates in dairy cows and heifers as well as between the level of physical constitution and conception rates in cows measured on the day of artificial insemination (AI). Females were submitted for AI after confirming standing estrus, and just prior to insemination the estrus intensity was investigated and classified as strong if three out of four factors were detected i.e. standing, vaginal mucus discharge, high uterine tone or presence of follicles in the ovaries; otherwise the estrus intensity was classified as weak. In the cow’s group (n=48) only those exhibiting estrus between 50 and 100 days following delivery were investigated and only heifers (n=42) that were approximately 18 months old were inseminated. No drugs were administrated for oestrus synchronisation. The study indicated that oestrus intensity had no effect on conception rates in cows (58% vs. 45% cows exhibiting strong and weak oestrus respectively were pregnant) but oestrus intensity did affect the conception rates in heifers (78% vs. 47% heifers exhibiting strong and weak oestrus respectively were pregnant, p<0.05). The physical constitution level measured on the day of AI had no effect on conception rates and was similar in both pregnant and non pregnant cows (3.20 ± 0.18 and 3.31 ± 0.33 respectively).
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the body condition score of dairy cows and their performance and health status, expressed as the chemical composition of milk and blood biochemical indices. The body condition of 53 PHF cows was evaluated during the dry period and the first 100 days of lactation. In early lactation (100 days) samples of milk and blood were collected as well. In three consecutive measurements during the dry period (60, 30 and 10 days before calving), cows with body condition scores >4 BCS points constituted the largest group in the study population (58.49%, 45.28% and 58.33%, respectively). The greatest decline in body condition during the study period occurred in cows whose body condition was highest during the dry period (>4). The highest average milk yield was obtained in cows whose body condition score in the dry period ranged from 3.1 to 3.5. Significant differences were noted in the content of the milk components (protein, lactose, casein, non-fat dry matter) and in metabolic profile indicators (protein, creatinine, AST) between cows with different body condition scores in the dry period and the first 100 days of lactation.
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