Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Low temperature plasma oxidation of silicon-possibility of application in CMOS-ULSI technology

100%

Beck R. B., Bieniek T., Wojtkiewicz A., Jakubowski A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2002

|

tom 80

2

Profitability of sugar beet foliar nutrition with silicon

88%

Artyszak A., Klarzynska E., Litwinczuk-Bis M., Siuda A.

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agrobusiness Economists

|

2019

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

In the years 2015-2016 in Sahryń (50°41′ N, 23°47’ E) a field experiment, with the aim of assessing profitability of foliar nutrition of sugar beet with silicon, was carried out. The following products containing silicon were used in the experiment: Actisil, Herbagreen Z20 and Optysil. Each of them was applied once, twice and thrice. For each combination, the gross production value, the costs of foliar nutrition, the net production value and the profitability index were calculated. The total costs of silicon foliar application varied depending on the number of treatments and the applied product from 50 to 402 PLN/ha. The gross production value of sugar beet due to foliar nutrition with silicon increased by 1.3-22.9% for the research period, and the net production value by 5.5-19.0%. A large variation in the achieved financial results was observed in 2015, in which there were particularly unfavorable conditions for the growth and yield of sugar beet. In the more favorable year for growing sugar beet (2016), the difference was smaller. The largest increase in the gross and net production value of sugar beet was ensured by the double and triple application of Actisil fertilizer and the triple application of the Optysil growth stimulator. However, the largest profitability indicator (11.26) was characterized by a single Optysil growth stimulator application.

3

Role of silicon in plant resistance to water stress

88%

Sacala E.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 3

619-630

Agricultural productivity is strongly affected by different abiotic stresses, among which water stress is the major environmental constraint limiting plants growth. The primary reason for water stress is drought or high salt concentration in soil (salinity). Because both of these stress factors lead to numerous physiological and biochemical changes in plants and result in serious loss in yields, there is a pressing need for finding the effective ways for increasing crops’ resistance to stress factors. One of the alternative methods involving alleviation of negative stress effects might be application of silicon as a fertiliser (root or foliar supply). Many plants, particularly monocotyledonous species, contain large amounts of Si (up to 10% of dry mass). In spite of the high Si accumulation in plants (its amount may equal concentration of macronutrients), until now it has not been considered as an essential element for higher plants. Many reports have shown that silicon may play a very important role in increasing plant resistance to noxious environmental factors. Hence, Si is recognised as a beneficial element for plants growing under biotic and abiotic stresses. The main form of Si which is available and easily taken up by plants is monosilicic acid (H4SiO4). Plants take up Si from soil solution both passively and actively. Some dicotyledonous plants such as legumes tend to exclude Si from tissues – rejective uptake. These plants are unable to accumulate Si and they do not benefit from silicon. Under water stress conditions, silicon might enhance plants’ resistance to stress and ameliorate growth of plants. These beneficial effects may result from better and more efficient osomoregulation, improved plant water status, reduction in water loss by transpiration, maintenance of adequate supply of essential nutrients, restriction in toxic ions uptake and efficient functioning of antioxidative mechanisms. Based on the current knowledge and presented data, it can be concluded that the role of Si in plants is not restricted to formation of physical or mechanical barrier (as precipitated amorphous silica) in cell walls, lumens and intercellular voids. Silicon can also modulate plants’ metabolism and alter physiological activities, particularly in plants subjected to stress conditions. However, in some plants, increased silicon supply does not improve plant growth. Hence, a better understanding of the interactions between silicon application and plant responses will contribute to more efficient fertiliser practices, especially under stress conditions.

4

Krzem leczy i odmladza

75%

Urbanek W.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

|

1996

|

nr 07-08

20

5

The effect of silicon on nectar and pollen production in Hosta Tratt. ‘Krossa Regal’

63%

Denisow B., Pogroszewska E., Laskowska H.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2015

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

Recently, the importance of silicon (Si) has been demonstrated for many plant physiological processes. The recognized function of Si is to help plants to overcome multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, e.g. disease or pests, low temperature, water deficit, salinity or heavy metals. Silicon advantageously impact on plant development and may improve the quality of ornamental plants. Hosta is an ornamental perennial, that flowers can serve as a source of nectar and pollen for floral visitors. The effect of artificial silicon (Si) supply on flowering, nectar production and pollen traits in Hosta Tratt. ‘Krossa Regal’ was studied. A foliar spraying of 0, 120, 180 and 240 mg Si·dm–3 was applied with water solutions of Actisil Hydro Plus, containing silicon in the form of H4SiO4. Silicon supply in concentration of 180 and 240 mg Si·dm-3 affected the morphometric traits of the flower (perianth width and floral tube length), but not the number of flowers produced per inflorescence. The silicon supply in concentration of 180 and 240 mg Si·dm-3 resulted in the increase of nectar production and in sugars excess in floral nectar. Treatments in concentration of 180 and 240 mg Si·dm-3 positively influence both pollen production and pollen viability. Presumably, most of these results can be explained through the effect of the Si on metabolism enhancement, e.g. by water balance regulation and increase in photosynthetic efficiency.

6

Supplemental effects of silicon nutrition on growth, quality and some physiological characters of potted chrysanthemum grown in greenhouse

63%

Ali E. F., Hassan F. A. S.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2016

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

Potted chrysanthemum is one of the most important floriculture plants which commercially produced in greenhouses where silicon (Si) is available in limited concentration because of using several substrates as growing media. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the supplemental effects of Si nutrition on growth, flowering, flower longevity as well as shelf life and nutrients content of potted chrysanthemum in relation to Si application. Moreover, the effects of Si treatment on some physiological parameters i.e. chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance, membrane stability index (MSI) and total carbohydrates were also investigated. Si application as K₂SiO₃ was added whether as foliar application at 25, 75 and 125 mg L⁻¹ Si or soil drenches at 50, 100 and 150 mg L⁻¹ Si. Except plant height and leaf area, the other vegetative growth and flowering characters were improved as a result of both Si supplementation methods compared with untreated control. Flowering was earlier and shelf life was longer in Si-supplemented than nonsupplemented plants. Generally, Si application increased the macro and micronutrients concentrations (except Ca) estimated in this study. Chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance, MSI and total carbohydrates were increased among Si treated plants. Improving the floricultural traits, extending longevity and shelf life of greenhouse grown chrysanthemum may give an impact of its greenhouse commercial production if appropriate level was used.

7

Seasonal fluctuations and long-term trends of nutrient concentrations in the Polish zone of the Baltic Sea

63%

Trzosinska A.

Oceanologia

|

1990

|

tom 29

8

Improving biological control of stalk borers in sugarcane by applying silicon as a soil amendment

63%

Nikpay A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

|

2016

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

The sugarcane stalk borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are the most destructive sugarcane insect pests in Iran. The efficiency of Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) used alone or in combination with silicon fertilization was investigated for controlling the sugarcane stalk borers under field conditions. The treatments were: a combination of silicon plus multiple releases of 2,500 T. busseolae, and multiple releases of 5,000, 2,500 and 1,250 T. busseolae alone. Plots receiving no soil amendment or parasites were included as the controls. Three weeks after the first application of each treatment, 100 shoots were selected randomly from each plot and the percentage of dead heart was determined. Then, three months after the first application of parasites, the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and the level of parasitism were determined. Finally, at harvest the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and sugarcane quality characteristics were determined. Results indicated that the efficiency of parasitism increased when combined with an application of silicon fertilizer. The release of 2,500 T. busseolae followed by an application of silicon fertilizer decreased dead hearts to 4%, while 12% dead hearts was observed in the control plots. For the combination treatment, the percentages of stalk damage were 1.5% and 17.2%, at 3 weeks and 3 months after time release, respectively. However, the percentages of stalk damage were 35.2% and 51% when no treatment was applied. Cane quality was significantly higher with the application of silicon fertilizer plus the release of 2,500 T. busseolae, followed by releasing 5,000 Hymenoptera. The level of parasitism was also greater when parasites were released in combination with an application of silicon. We conclude that biological control by egg parasitoids can be enhanced with concurrent applications of silicon fertilizer as a soil amendment and thereby creating a more robust, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program of stalk borers in Iranian sugarcane fields.

9

Silicon increases salt tolerance by influencing the two-phase growth response to salinity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

63%

Chen D., Yin L., Deng X., Wang S.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2014

|

tom 36

|

nr 09

Salt usually stresses plants in two ways, osmotic stress and ion toxicity. Plant responds to salinity in two distinct phases through time. It is known that silicon (Si) could alleviate salt stress by decreasing the Na⁺ accumulated in the leaf. In order to determine the function of Si in the two-phase growth response (osmotic and ion toxicity) to salinity, we selected the wheat cultivar ‘‘Changwu 134’’ out of 10 wheat cultivars, and confirmed that it responds to salinity in two distinct phases through time. The fresh weight, leaf area, and leaf Na⁺ concentration were measured during 31 days of 120 mM NaCl supplemented with 1 mM Si treatment. The results revealed that the growth of plants under salinity conditions both with and without Si application were in accordance with the two-phase growth model. Si alleviated the salt stress in the both two-phase growth, but the alleviative effects were more pronounced in the osmotic stress phase than ion toxicity phase. These results clearly showed that Si can enhance plant salt tolerance by alleviating the salt-induced osmotic stress.

10

Silicon fertilization as a sustainable approach to disease management of agricultural crops

63%

Shahrtash M.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

|

2018

|

tom 58

|

nr 4

Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element present in the lithosphere, and it constitutes one of the major inorganic nutrient elements of many plants. Although Si is a nonessential nutrient element, its beneficial role in stimulating the growth and development of many plant species has been generally recognized. Silicon is known to effectively reduce disease severity in many plant pathosystems. The key mechanisms of Si-mediated increased plant disease resistance involve improving mechanical properties of cell walls, activating multiple signaling pathways leading to the expression of defense responsive genes and producing antimicrobial compounds. This article highlights the importance and applicability of Si fertilizers in integrated disease management for crops.

11

The use of silicon in lettuce cultivation for seeds

63%

Janas R., Borkowski J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2009

|

tom 541

|

nr 1

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of Alkalin potassium + silicon in the cultivation of winter lettuce of Nansena variety on the uniformity of seedling emergence, plant growth and development, quality and health status of the obtained seeds. The research was conducted in 2005-2007 in Research Vegetable Institute and Insitute of Pomology and Floriculture Institute in Skierniewice. The fertilizer containing 1.1% of silicon was applied at the concentration of 0.2%. The treatments were performed from the third decade of October to the formation of seeds (June - the beginning of July, depending on the weather condition in the following years of cultivation). Nine treatments were made, altogether. During the vegetation period plant damages after winter as well as their health status were investigated. After seed harvest the quality and health status were evaluated. The obtained results indicated a significant effect of Alkalin potassium + silicon on plant ontogenesis, their health status, plant damages after winter, quality and health status of the obtained seeds. The applied fertilizer stimulated the resistance of plants to low temperatures and diseases. After treatment the plants had less winter damages and were less infected by mycoflora in comparison to the control. The seeds obtained from plants treated with Alkalin potassium + silicon were characterized by a higher weight of 1000 seeds, germination energy and germinability and lower infestation by pathogenic fungi in comparison to the control (non treated).

12

Identifying the main sources of silicate in coastal waters of the Southern Gulf of Valencia (Western Mediterranean Sea)

63%

Sospedra J., Niencheski L. F. H., Falco S., Andrade C. F. F., Attisano K. K., Rodilla M.

Oceanologia

|

2018

|

tom 60

|

nr 1

Silicon is a major nutrient for siliceous primary producers, which can become a potential limiting nutrient in oligotrophic areas. Most of the silicon inputs to the marine environment come from continental discharges, from both superficial and ground waters. This study analyses the main sources of silicon and their dynamics along the southernmost 43 km of shoreline in the Gulf of Valencia (Western Mediterranean Sea). The salinity and silicate concentration in the different compartments (springs, freshwater wells, beach groundwater, surf zone and coastal waters) in this coastal area were determined. In addition, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community were analyzed in the surf zone and coastal waters. Silicate concentrations in freshwater wells ranged between 130 and 150 μM, whereas concentrations of this nutrient declined to 49 μM in freshwater–seawater mixture transects. At the same time, there was a positive gradient in silicate for both freshwater and coastal waters southward. An amount of 18.7 t of dissolved silicate was estimated in the nearest first kilometre nearest to the coastline, 6 t of this silicate belonged to the background sea level. On the other hand, the sum of the main rivers in the area supplies 1.6 t of dissolved silicate per day. This implies that a large amount of the remaining 11.1 t must derive from submarine groundwater discharges, which would thus represent 59% of the coastal dissolved silicate budget. Overall, it is suggested that a subterranean transport pathway must contribute considerably to silicate concentrations throughout this zone, which is characterized as permeable.

13

Changes in the Si concentration in medicinal plants caused UV radiation, heavy metals and pests

63%

Wierzchowska-Renke K., Dorosz A., Lukasiak J., Zobel A. M., Glowniak K.

Herba Polonica

|

2000

|

tom 46

|

nr 4

W prezentowanej pracy przeprowadzono badania nad wpływem promieniowania UV, metali ciężkich oraz opanowania przez mszyce na zmiany zawartości Si w roślinach leczniczych, takich jak Equisetum arvense L. i Pastinaca sativa L. Stwierdzono występowanie krzemu na powierzchni pędów Equisetum. Zaobserwowano, że we wnętrzu rośliny zawartość form wolnych tego pierwiastka była pięciokrotnie wyższa niż związanych. Dłuższy czas ekspozycji powodował wzrost stężenia obu form krzemu. Stwierdzono istotne różnice zawartości Si w analizowanych próbach Pastinaca sativa pochodzących zarówno z doświadczenia wazonowego, jak i z ogrodu. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zawartość krzemu w badanych roślinach leczniczych zależy od wielu czynników, wśród których należy wymienić typ nawożenia, promieniowanie UV, zdrowotność roślin oraz ich mechanizmy obronne.

14

Effect of Sulsil on the growth and sporulation of pathogenic fungi

63%

Majchrzak B., Piekos R., Walerys Z., Okorski A.

Pestycydy

|

2004

|

nr 3-4

15

Desorption-ionization on silicon for small molecules: a promising alternative to MALDI TOF

63%

Kraj A., Dylag T., Gorecka-Drzazga A., Bargiel S., Dziuban J., Silberring J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2003

|

tom 50

|

nr 3

A method has been developed for laser desorption/ionization of catecholamines from porous silicon. This methodology is particularly attractive for analysis of small molecules. MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, although a very sensitive technique, utilizes matrices that need to be mixed with the sample prior to their analysis. Each matrix produces its own background, particularly in the low-molecular mass region. Therefore, detection and identification of molecules below 400 Da can be difficult. Desorption/ionization of samples deposited on porous silicon does not require addition of a matrix, thus, spectra in the low-molecular mass region can be clearly readable. Here, we describe a method for the analysis of catecholamines. While MALDI TOF is superior for proteomics/peptidomics, desorption/ionization from porous silicon can extend the operating range of a mass spectrometer for studies on metabo- lomics (small organic molecules and their metabolites, such as chemical neurotransmitters, prostaglandins, steroids, etc.).

16

The upwelling of nutrients in the coastal area of the Hel Peninsula [the Baltic Sea]

63%

Burska D., Szymelfenig M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2005

|

tom 34

|

nr Suppl.2

17

The stunning, glass-covered resting cyst of Maryna umbrellata [Ciliophora, Colpodea]

51%

Foissner W.

Acta Protozoologica

|

2009

|

tom 48

|

nr 3

223-243

18

Adverse effects of inhaled sand dust particles on the respiratory organs of sheep and goats exposed to severe sand storms in Mongolia

51%

Kobayashi Y., Shimada A., Nemoto N., Morita T., Adilbish A., Bayasgalan M.-O.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

|

2014

|

tom 52

|

nr 3

19

The elements of specific biological activity in therapeutic waters in Polish health resorts

51%

Drobnik M., Latour T., Sziwa D.

Journal of Elementology

|

2011

|

tom 16

|

nr 4

The study characterizes specific therapeutic waters in Polish health resorts, which contain iodide, fluoride, silicon, sulphides, iron(II), carbon dioxide and radon in concentrations that ensure the therapeutic status of water and specify how it can be used for medical treatment. Based on the physicochemical analysis, it has been verified that among 160 waters from 39 health resorts, 37 contain Fe(II) in concentrations > 10 mg dm–3, which means that they can be classified as ferruginous. Twelve waters containing fluoride in concentrations > 2 mg dm–3 were recognized as therapeutic fluoride waters. Five waters were classified as siliceous ones owing to the content of silicon compounds above 70 mg dm–3 (H2SiO3). Twenty-eight of the analysed waters contain sulphides (H2S+HS–) in concentrations > 1 mg dm–3 and 64 waters contain iodide in concentrations > 1 mg dm–3. Carbon dioxide, which occurs in 72 waters in concentrations above 1 g dm–3 (acidulous waters), proved to be the most widespread component. Waters which contain radon in an amount corresponding to the radiation of 74 Bq (2 nCi) in 1 dm3 are classified as radon waters. Ten of the analysed waters were found to contain this element. The waters were highly varied in chemical composition and type of specific components. Sulphurous waters are mainly used for mineral baths; ferruginous waters are drunk; fluoride and silicon-rich waters are taken for mineral baths and iodide waters are used for mineral baths and inhalations. Using these waters in balneotherapy is an important part of spa treatment and defines different healing profiles of Polish health resorts.

20

The effect of choline-stabilized orthosilic acid application on tomato grown under increasing Mn stress

51%

Kleiber T., Bosiacki M., Bres W.

Journal of Elementology

|

2015

|

tom 20

|

nr 4

The aim of the study has been to assess the efficiency of choline-stabilized orthosilic acid (ch-OSA; bioavailabile form of silicon) application under increasing intensity of manganese stress on the chemical composition of plants and yielding of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Alboney F1 and cv. Emotion F1). Plants were grown in rockwool with the application of a nutrient solution of the following chemical composition (mg dm-3): N-NH4 2.2, N-NO3 230, P 50, K 430, Ca 145, Mg 65, Cl 35, S-SO4 120, Fe 2.48, Zn 0.50, Cu 0.07; pH 5.50, EC 3.00 mS cm-1. The following manganese levels in the nutrient solution were tested (mg dm-3): 9.6 and 19.2. The effect of ch-OSA application (at a concentration of Si equal 0.3 mg dm-3 of the nutrient solution) was investigated at both Mn-levels. The ch-OSA application alleviated Mn toxicity by increasing the biomass production in the Mn-low variant (+ 8.2% for Alboney F1 and 16.8% for Emotion F1, the differences being significant for Emotion F1), whereas the ch-OSA application in the Mn-high variant did not influence the plant yielding. All the factors affected the plant nutrient status and the chemical composition of tomato fruits. The chemical composition of leaves depended on (means of all the studied combinations): Mn (K, Na) and ch-OSA nutrition (N, Mg, Na), cultivar (for P, K, Ca, Na), but in the case of fruits significant differences were found between Mn (N, P, Ca, Mg) and ch-OSA nutrition (N, Mg, Na) and cultivar (N, P). In both Mn-levels, visual symptoms of manganese toxicity appeared on plants – in the Mn-high variant, they were observed after 4 weeks, while in the case of the Mn-low variant - after 10 weeks of exposure to strong Mn-stress. Treatment with ch-OSA at both of the studied Mn levels did not prevent the development of visual toxicity symptoms on the plants.

Ograniczanie wyników

Low temperature plasma oxidation of silicon-possibility of application in CMOS-ULSI technology

Profitability of sugar beet foliar nutrition with silicon

Role of silicon in plant resistance to water stress