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Tests in 1996-2002 were carried out to evaluate the usefulness of 8 cultivars and strain of Lolium perenne L. (Polish - 'Anna', 'Arka', 'Maja', 'Rela'. 'Solen' and strain SZD-291 as weil as Dutch - 'Baristra', 'Barezane' and 'Barlano' ) to mixtures for cutting performance under peat-bog soil conditions. No influence of perennial ryegrass (30-35% of share in mixtures) on significant differentiation of dry matter yields in relation to those without that species was recorded. The share of perennial ryegrass in achieved fodder was significant during first 4-6 years after sowing (about 20-45%), which ensured higher stability of species composition of meadow sward with tendency to decreasing in last years. Share of perennial ryegrass in meadow sward mixtures systematically decrcased in last years. Durability of the species significantly depended on included cultivars. 'Anna', 'Maja', 'Solen', 'Barlano' and 'Baristra' were characterized with higher and more stable share in sward during studies as compared to 'Arka', 'Rela' and 'Barizane' cultivars.
Chosen cultivars of ryegrass in grass-legume mixtures under pasture management on peat-muck soil were evaluated during studies. The influence of these cultivars on mixture yielding in particular regrowths in following performance years was estimated. Application of chosen cultivars of Lolium perenne L. in mixtures did not affect the significant differentiation of achieved dry matter yields in particular years of study. Mean yields in 1997-2000 did not make significantly different in relation to control mixture (without ryegrass). However, it was found that significant differentiation of achieved dry matter yields from particular regrowths depending on performance year, as weil as differences of yielding of the same mixtures in years. Several cultivars of ryegrass applied in mixture more guaranteed the most optimum yielding distribution of pasture sward in vegetation season. Achieved results confirm great usefulness of most of studied ryegrass cultivars for mixtures with grass-legume plants onto peat-muck soil under pasture management.
W pracy przedstawiono korzyści gospodarcze, środowiskowe oraz przyrodnicze wynikające z wypasu zwierząt na murszowiskach. Określono przydatność do użytkowania pastwiskowego kompleksów wilgotnościowo-glebowych oraz rodzajów siedlisk pobagiennych. Podkreślono duże możliwości retencjonowania wody w profilu glebowym gleb, co przekłada się na .wielkość i jakość plonów oraz równomierny rozkład plonowania w sezonie pastwiskowym. Warunkiem tego jest odpowiednio wysokie nawożenie potasem i fosforem oraz wypas z dawkowaniem paszy.
The aim of studies established in 1994 was evaluation of persistency of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne in pasture sward under drier and postboggy habitat. Seed mixtures contained 50% of white clover and 30% of perennial ryegrass. Nitrogen fertilisation was differentiated in dependency on soil type: 90 kg on black soil And 45 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Content of white clover and perennial ryegrass in the sward depended on type and moisture of soil and sequence of regrowth in pasture season. Two first years of studies were very dry and then better white clover development was observed in wetter habitat. Among two white clover cultivars Rema proved to be more suitable on moister organic soils whereas Lithuanian cultivar Bitunaj on drier mineral ones. Those cultivars showed higher stability in the sward during the grazing season in more suitable habitats for them. Fast growing Lolium perenne was a dominant species in the harvest year, particularly on black soil, even during very dry vegetative season. Low tolerance to frost was the main reason of decrease of that species content in the pasture sward on both soils after 1995-1996 winter. In dry 1996 year there was observed better regeneration of ryegrass under postboggy habitat. During wetter following years ryegrass became again the dominant species on black soil. Presence of Trifolium repens in the pasture sward affected beneficially development and maintenance of Lolium perenne, especially in drier habitat. Floristic biodiversity of plant communities on peat-muck soils is rather low therefore introduction and maintenance of white clover and perennial ryegrass in pasture sward is needed to avoid Poa sp. and Festuca rubra expansion.
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