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The paper deals with the theoretical basis, methods and the main results of the investigations of the river system structure (the network of rivers of different orders) transformation. On the basis of a morphometrical analysis of topographical maps from different periods (1855, 1935, 1975, 2005) in the 1:100 000 scale, using the Strahler-Filosofov classification scheme, the structure of representative river systems of Ukrainian Carpathians was investigated. The partial and the total length and number of the streams of every order as well as the correlation between these parameters and bifurcation coefficients were determined. The trends and scales of the river systems structure transformation for the period 1855-2005 were also evaluated. Subject to investigation were the river systems of NE macroslopes of the Carpathlian Mountains.
The Ganges and the Brahmaputra rivers are amongst the largest in the world. Since the dawn of civilisation they have played a pivotal role in the social and economic life of the countries that they flow through: Nepal, India and Bangladesh. It is there that same of the very first civilisations originated. They owed their existence to the first farmers, for whom settling in a larger group and harvesting together brought only benefits. Even today, most of the local population harvests the land, just like their forefathers did several thousand years before. The edible crops provide a basis of nutrition for the natives and industrial crops serve as major sources of income for these countries. In the Ganges and the Brahmaputra valleys there lie many urban areas, including several with a population that exceeds 10 million. Those include Calcutta - 15.7 million, Delhi 13.2 million, and Dhaka - 12.3 million. The Ganges waters are used for religious and ritual purposes as Hinduism deems the river holy. In addition, it is one of the most polluted rivers in the world, its condition partially being due to ritual ceremonies. The use of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra waters was a cause for many conflicts between India and Bangladesh. Even though a compromise was reached, each of the two countries is still trying to prove that they have more rights to use the priceless waters.
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