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1

Detectability of elusive reptiles under artificial cover objects is species- and year-specific

100%
Kolanek A., Bury S.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2020
|
tom 68
|
nr 4
2

Intraspecific brood parasitism in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica nesting in bunkers

84%
Czechowski P., Zduniak P.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2005
|
tom 40
|
nr 2
163-164
During a four-year study of the breeding biology and ecology of an atypical population of Barn Swallows nesting in 13 abandoned post-war bomb shelters, the unexpected presence of foreign juveniles in active nests with nestlings was recorded on eight occasions. In five cases, single birds were noted, and in the other three, two foreign individuals were observed. The average age of the nestlings joined by foreign juveniles was 11.6 days (SE = 1.08, range 8-16), while the average age of the latter birds recorded with the nestlings was 23.2 ± 1.02 days (range 20-25). The mean distance between the hatching and parasitised nests was 0.9 ± 0.11 m (range 0.5-1.2). This unusual behaviour in swallows seems to be deliberate and is aimed at choosing a nest with nestlings in order to obtain extra food from experienced adult birds rather than an error caused by the darkness in the shelter.
3
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Gastrointestinal parasite infection in dogs from two shelters

84%
Kornas S., Basiaga M., Kowal J., Nosal P., Wyrobisz A.
Annals of Parasitology
|
2016
|
tom 62
|
nr Suppl.
4

Seasonal and spatial pattern of shelter use by badgers Meles meles in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland)

84%
Kowalczyk R., Zalewski A., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
|
2004
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
In 1997-2001, we investigated the use of day-time shelters by radio-collared badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, eastern Poland. Each social group of badgers utilised, on average, 9 different shelters per territory (range: 4-20). The main setts, occupied for breeding and winter sleep, were also most frequently used for day-time rest throughout the year (73% of days). Badgers living in the pristine oldgrowth stands utilised larger number of shelters and spent more days in hollow trees (mainly lime Tilia cordata), compared to badgers inhabiting younger secondary tree stands. Number of shelters used by individuals varied between seasons and depended on sex and age of animals. In summer, badgers used more shelters than in spring and autumn. In winter, they stayed in their main setts only. Adult males occupied more shelters and spent fewer days in the main sett than other badgers. In spring, females rearing young used only the main setts. The average underground space used by badgers within the main sett was 128 m2. It was largest in summer and smallest in winter, and also varied between males and females. We proposed that, in a low-density population, badgers used several setts and other daily shelters to reduce energy expenditure when exploring their large territories and foraging. Furthermore, setts may play a role of marking sites. Analysis of the biogeographical pattern of sett use by European badgers showed that the number of setts used by social groups increased with increasing territory size, whereas the density of setts (n setts/km2) was negatively correlated with territory size. We proposed that different factors could shape the utilisation of setts by badgers in low- and high-density populations.
5

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in shelter dogs and cats in the metropolitan area of Barcelona [Spain]

67%
Gracenea M., Gomez M. S., Torres J.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2009
|
tom 54
|
nr 1
73-77
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats in Barcelona and surrounding areas was studied by analyzing 505 faecal samples of dogs and 50 of cats using a formol-ether diphasic method for helminths, a modified acid-fast technique for Cryptosporidium and other coccidian oocysts, and the Heindenhein technique for Giardia and Entamoeba trophozoites and cysts. Parasites were found in 26.9% of dogs and 34.0% of cats. Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium sp., coccidian oocysts and Entamoeba sp. were detected in both dogs and cats. Taenia sp., Dipylidium caninum, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis and Uncinaria sp. were also found in dogs but only Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Toxocara cati in cats. There was a significant relationship for G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium sp. with seasonality and for G. duodenalis with geographical origin in dogs. Significant differences were also found for T. canis between stray and domestic dogs and for T. vulpis between males and females.
6

Serological evidence of canine influenza virus infection in shelter dogs in Turkey

67%
Aydin H., Kirbas A., Timurkan M. O., Aktas M. S., Kirmizi G. A., Aydin O.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2018
|
tom 74
|
nr 12
Influenza virus infection is an important disease which occurs in humans and a variety of animals. Because of the wide host adaptation and segmented genome, there is always the possibility of mutations and interspecies transmission of the influenza virus. Our study is the first to draw attention to canine influenza infection in Turkey. For this purpose, 208 sera and swab samples were collected from dogs with respiratory and non-respiratory signs in various seasons. Out of the 208 dogs, 94 (45.2%) were male and 114 (54.8%) were female; the average age was 4.7 years. A total of 208 sera samples were tested for the presence of canine influenza virus-specific antibodies by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The seroprevalence of canine influenza virus infection was 11/208 (5.8%). With regard to seasonal distribution, the highest rate of seropositivity was detected in spring, and the lowest in summer. Molecular detection of the canine influenza virus from nasal swab samples was done by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific universal primers for the hemagglutinin gene. Influenza virus nucleic acid could not be detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we revealed for the first time the existence of the canine influenza virus in Turkey. Although the seroprevalence was relatively low, it would be useful to investigate the canine influenza virus on a large scale and among dogs with infectious respiratory disease in the Turkish dog population.
7

Przemysł produktów drzewnych w USA uznany za niezbędny przez Departament Bezpieczeństwa

67%
Kowaluk G., Nicewicz D.
Biuletyn Informacyjny Ośrodka Badawczo-Rozwojowego Przemysłu Płyt Drewnopochodnych w Czarnej Wodzie
|
2020
|
tom 61
|
nr 1-2
8

Uncomfortable protection: Formica polyctena Forst. shelters Formica fusca L. from Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

67%
Czechowski W., Marko B.
Annales Zoologici
|
2006
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
The wood ant Formica polyctena Först, is a territorial species, a regular top dominant of ant communities in forests. Its colonies defend their whole foraging areas (territories) against other territorial ants, including F. sanguinea Latr., a common facultative slave-maker. The most frequent ‘victim’ ol F. sanguinea is F. fusca L., a ubiquitous submissive ant species. On the basis of some earlier observations, the presumption was made that F. polyctena, when defending its own territories, would indirectly protect F. fusca colonies, which nest within these territories, from F. sanguinea raids. It was expected that F. fusca should be more abundant in F. polyctena territories, than in F. sanguinea territories, while other subordinate ants, which are not potential slaves of F. sanguinea, should not show such difference. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the baiting experiments carried out in the Białowieża Forest, NE Poland. The findings are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants.
9

Reproductive and demographic parameters in two Iberian wild boar Sus scrofa populations

67%
Herrero J., Garcia-Serrano A., Garcia-Gonzales R.
Acta Theriologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 4
From 1990 to 2006, we studied the demographic, reproductive, and biometric characteristics of two Iberian wild boarSus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in contrasting environments. In the Pyrenees (studied in 1990–1993), forest cover is high, hunting pressure is low, and the density of wild boar is high. In the Ebro Valley (studied in 1994–2006), there are few shelter areas for boars, hunting pressure is high, and density is very low. In the second semester of life and after two years of age, the sows in Ebro Valley were heavier than were those in the Pyrenees. Pregnancy during the first year of life was frequent in the Ebro Valley and rare in the Pyrenees. Litter sizes, ovulation rates, and intrauterine mortalities did not differ significantly between the two populations, but the foetal sex ratio in the Ebro Valley was skewed significantly towards males. Life expectancy was lower in the Ebro Valley (6 yr) than it was in the Pyrenees (10 yr). In the Ebro Valley 75% of the wild boar were >24 months old, whereas in the Pyrenees, the proportion was 59%. We suggest that shelter availability influenced the growth, productivity, hunting pressure, and life expectancy in the two Iberian populations of wild boar.
10

Influence of herbaceous cover, shelter and land cover structure on wild rabbit abundance in NW Portugal

67%
Carvalho J. C., Gomes P.
Acta Theriologica
|
2004
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
The European wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) populations in the Iberian Peninsula has suffered a serious decline. Therefore, the knowledge about the factors that influence rabbit distribution and abundance is of major interest for conservation and management programmes. Rabbit relative abundance was evaluated by pellet counting in relation to herbaceous ground cover, shelter availability (tall scrub cover and gaps in rocks) and land cover structure in the Peneda-Gerês National Park (PGNP), NW Portugal. Rabbit abundance was higher at intermediate levels of herbaceous cover, but no significant statistical differences were detected. A strong association between the abundance index and tall scrub cover was verified, and when this cover was rare, an association with gaps in rocks was observed. At the land cover level, rabbit abundance was associated with high interspersion sites of rocks with matorral and high interspersion sites of tall scrubland. Evidence from this study highlighted the importance of shelter and the interspersion of open/shelter habitats for rabbits. This pattern could be interpreted as an anti-predator strategy. Therefore, management actions should favour the growing and establishing of tall scrub patches and the selective cutting in highly continuous areas of tall scrub vegetation.
11

Insecticidal activity - a new bioactive property of the cyanobacterium Fischerella

67%
Becher P. G., Juttner F.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
Cyanobacterial biofilms serve as food and shelter for benthic invertebrates, such as juvenile insects. Chironomids are often the most widely distributed and abundant insect larvae in freshwater ecosystems. As a consequence of high grazing pressure, effective defence mechanisms can be expected in biofilm-forming organisms. The presence of chemical defence was studied in 12 axenic and monoxenic cyanobacterial species. Flakes of cyanobacterial biofilms were offered to Chironomus riparius (Meigen) over a period of 8 days. Mortality and body-length of the surviving animals were used as indicators for the toxicity of the cyanobacteria and their suitability as food. Toxicity and inhibition of larval growth were found for several cyanobacteria tested. Fischerella sp. (ATCC 43239) was the most active and caused 100% mortality in Chironomus larvae within 24 h. Mortality was also high (87%) for larvae fed with Aphanothece sp. Moderate toxicity (40–60% mortality) was found for Calothrix sp. (PCC 7507), C. braunii Bornet et Flahault, C. thermalis (Schwabe) Hansgirg and a cyanobacterium of the LPP group designated JU 5. Mortality of 7–33% was observed for Calothrix parietina (Nägeli) Thuret, Oscillatoria brevis (Kützing) Gomont, Cylindrospermum sp., Nostoc sp., Calothrix anomala Mitra and a cyanobacterium of the LPP group designated 5 KB. Differences depending on the cyanobacterial food offered were also seen in the lengths of surviving larvae. Fischerella sp. (ATCC 43239) was studied in more detail to chemically characterise the observed insecticidal activity. The insecticidal activity could be extracted with 60% aq. methanol from the fresh biomass and caused 100% mortality in Chironomus. A literature survey was performed on the bioactive compounds so far isolated and characterised from Fischerella and related Stigonematales. It is noticeable that no insecticidal activity has been shown for any of these compounds yet. The newly found insecticidal property of Fischerella may lead to the identification of bioactive compounds which may be important as chemical defence against insect grazers.
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