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In morphological studies the shape may be conveniently quantified by relative dimensions or dimensionless quantities. The analyses of shell morphology and morphospace occupation have been historically approached mainly by means of statistical analysis on classical dimensions (distance measurements: diameter, umbilical width, whorl width, whorl height and apertural whorl height), the Raup’s coiling and expansion rate parameters and, more recently, by means of the ADA−model which conjugates the classical variables in a single simple equation. Relationships between these studies should be possible based on mathematical equivalences between classical dimensions and those of coiling and expansion rates. These equivalences, which are presented in this paper, have been obtained on the basis of the ADA−model and a new general method for deriving dimensionless models of morphology based on exponential trajectories as a function of a rotational angle.
Trochulus striolatus is a land snail showing great morphometric variation in its shell, which is the basis for recognition of its subspecies. However, this variability can result from an influence of environment. To verify the possible effect of bioclimatic and spatial variables on the shell size and shape, we studied many samples collected from four biotic zones (lowland, submontane, montane and subalpine). Many of its shell features appeared significantly negatively correlated with a precipitation parameter and altitude, whereas positively correlated with temperature parameters. The shells were smaller at higher altitudes and in colder environment with greater precipitation. The reduced growth period can be an adaptive response to the shorter growing season in mountainous regions compared to lowland areas, where the longer season permits a longer growth resulting in larger mean adult body size. This conforms to the converse Bergmann's cline. The synergetic interactions between seasonality, temperature and moisture best explain the size variation in T. striolatus resulting from the influence of local environmental and/or climate factors. Therefore, there is no sufficient justification for subspecies recognition and the subspecific epithets for T. striolatus should be discarded.
Reinvestigation of a fragmentary lindholmemydid turtle from a Mongolian locality Sheeregeen Gashoon (late Turonian-Santonian) suggested reassignment to Lindholmemys martinsoni Ckhikvadze, 1975. This restricts the stratigraphic range of the genus Mongolemys, to which the specimen was originally assigned. Additionally, new morphologica1 data on L. martinsoni have been gathered and are presented in this paper. The Lindholmemydidae are considered here as a paraphyletic group uniting primitive testudinoids (all of which are known from Cretaceous to Paleocene of Asia). Their shell morphology is characterized by well developed plastral buttresses, which contact costal bones (synapomorphy of testudinoids, see Gaffney & Meylan 1988) and by complete (uninterrupted) row of inframarginal scutes (primitive character).
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