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The aim of this study was to evaluate individual farms which predominantly dealt with crop production, but also kept sheep. Information about the farms’ cash flow was collected by way of direct interviews with the owners of the farms. The cash flow analysis revealed problems with liquidity. Therefore, it was necessary for some farms to have financial resources available for periods of negative financial flows or to be able to sell farm products. The national sheep industry which focuses on the production of lambs for slaughter, gives the opportunity to improve revenue. This was especially necessary in the second quarter, in which a lack of liquidity was observed. The share of income from sheep production in total revenues ranged from 19 to 50%, and proved that keeping sheep as a supplementary activity was beneficial.
On the basis of the faecal examination and necropsies, prevalence of infection, number of species and egg counts (EPG) were estimated. A comparison of EPG of ewes and their lambs showed, that of the group of lambs with the lowest EPG, 25% were from resistant mothers while in the group with the highest EPG - 31.25%
Five sheep were experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). All animals seroconverted to BIV p26 core protein by 6 weeks after inoculation and developed persistent lymphocytosis. Proviral DNA has been continually detected only in one sheep and temporarily present in other two animals. All attempts to rescue the BIV from peripheral blood leukocytes of uninfected sheep have failed during experiment. The established model of bovine lentivirus infection in sheep provides valuable data to examine the pathogenesis of BIV and related retroviral infections.
Приведены конструкционные схемы возвратно-поступательных стригальных машинок с их анализом и определением путей развития.
The aim of this study was to investigate paraoxonase (PON1) activity and total sialic acid to be measured for the first time in sheep infected naturally with foot and mouth disease, and their relationships with oxidative stress. A total of 30 Awassi sheep (aged between 2-4), which were healthy and infected with the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) were used in the study. Concentrations of paraoxonase activity (PON1), which is an important antioxidant against oxidative stress, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total sialic acid (TSA), which has a critical role for immune system and is one of the significant indicators of cellular degeneration, were measured in serum samples drawn from animals. The total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated to determine the oxidative balance. It was observed that serum PON1 (P < 0.001) and HDL (P < 0.01) concentrations were significantly lower compared to the control group. TSA concentration was higher in the infected group (P < 0.001) compared to the healthy group. TOC was higher (P < 0.001) and TAC was lower (P < 0.01) in the infected group compared to the control group. Consequently, harmful effects of the infection of foot and mouth disease were shown as cause of oxidative cell damage and the high rate of sialic acid was produced depending on the degeneration during the infection.
Research was carried out on 432 Polish Lowland Sheep (405 ♀ and 27♂) of three varieties: Corriedale, Żelaźnieńska Sheep and Polish Lowland Sheep of Podlasie region. All animals were subjected to gene identifi cation factor insulin – IGF-1, in the assessment of alleles C and T. In conclusion it should be noted that in the three examined varieties of Polish Lowland Sheep showed no polymorphism in exon 3 of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) gene, limiting its scope to determine the allele C, respectively genotype CC. This result indicates the need for further research in this area in “culture” sheep imported and adapted to Polish conditions and the production environment.
The aim of the studies was the influence comparison of the three kinds of blood products: brown and black dried livexes and blood meal, added to sheep forage, on total protein level, energy value, volatile fatty acids (VFA) amount, levels of carbon dioxide and methane in caecal content of the animals. The samples of caecal content were taken from the sheep immediately after slaughtering, i.e. 2,5 hrs after morning feeding. The livex and blood meal were added to the forage in the amount of 2%. During in vivo application of these nonconventional dietary supplements, the significant inhibitory livex (black and brown) effect on methane level in the sum of caecal gases (45,5% increase for black and 33,4% for brown livex, respectively). Energy of caecal content was about 30% higher in sheep fed with black livex. Respective percentage was about 40% and about 20% for the brown livex and blood meal respectively.
The performed cytogenetic analysis included 454 young Leine ewes, aged 3-8 months, coming from heterosexual twins and multiplets. Out of them, the studied 431 animals had a normal diploid chromosome number - 54,XX. Leukocytic 54,XX/54,XY chimerism was identified in 23 young ewes, which makes 5.06% of the studied group of animals.
Usually practicing veterinarians and animal keepers have to deal with inadequate supplementation of copper which causes deficiency diseases. However, instead of curing, the consequential intake of copper is likely to cause copper intoxication. Copper poisoning is observed particularly frequently, in sheep - the most sensitive domestic animal to copper toxicity. In most cases, sheep undergo chronic exposure to copper causing liver necrosis and resulting in massive haemolysis, haemoglobinuria and eventually in renal failure. The observed symptoms have an acute character and a set of them is called haemolytic crisis. The pathogenesis, signs and diagnosis of this syndrome are described in this article.
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