Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 17

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  self-incompatibility
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Most fruit-tree species, including pear (Pyrus) have genetically controlled ability to outcrossing (self-incompatibility). From the orchard practice point of view outcrossing is desired for obtaining acceptable yield level. So, the aim of the present study was to learn problem of self-incompatibility or cross-compatibility of six pear (P. communis) cultivars (Amfora, Radana, Red Williams, Carola, Conference, Dicolor) and wild ecotype of P. pyraster and the evaluation of investigated cultivars as good polinators for each other. The mode of pollination consists of intracultivar self- and cross-pollination and intercultivar diallel cross-pollination. The pollination was done in three different environmental conditions i.e. orchard, glasshouse and laboratory. Self-incompatibility or cross-compatibility of investigated cultivars was evaluated on the base of the pollen germination index (PGI). Six cultivars of pear and one ecotype of wild pear which were under investigation showed full self-incompatibility. In some inter-cultivar and interspecific pollinations full cross-incompatibility or unilateral incompatibility was observed.
Interspecific compatibility and self-compatibility in Pyrus communis, P. pyraster and P. salicifolia were evaluated. Degree of compatibility was determined by means of fluorescence microscope. Self-incompatibility evaluated on the basis of the pollen tubes growth showed that two cultivars of P. communis (Bera Hardy and Lukasówka) were self-compatible and the other three cultivars were self-incompatible. All ecotypes of P. pyraster are self-incompatible. In interspecific crosses full inter-incompatibility or unilateral self-incompatibility was observed.
Androgenic Brussels sprout plants were produced by the use of anther culture from the donor cultivar „Philemon F₁ ” A total of 96 plants obtained from 20 androgenic R₀ genotypes assigned as diploids were evaluated both in the generative and vegetative stage, in respect of their morphological characters: mean plant height; leaf size, colour and waxiness; leaf blade shape, blistering and attitude; number of sprouts; as well as their self-incompatibility and fertility. Androgenic R₀ plants derived from each of the 20 embryos were highly diversified and differed from the donor in one or more morphological traits in the vegetative stage. Evaluated populations also varied in fertility and self-incompatibility. Six androgenic genotypes that set a sufficient amount of seeds of the R₁ generation and „Philemon F₁ ” were evaluated in the field in respect of plant height, total and marketable yield per plot, shape of stem with sprouts, shape and density of sprouts, and spacing between sprouts. Only four diploid R₀ and R₁ populations may have some value for further breeding, as they are characterised by good vigour, high or medium ability for sprout generation, and sufficient fertility.
11
67%
Rosaceae fruit trees are characterized by gametophytic self-incompatibility, with their production typically requiring artificial pollination or pollination tree is required in production. Both of these solutions cause reductions in production efficiency, and self-incompatibility has become a major issue in agricultural biology, and as such, has been extensively studied. In this review, we discuss the relationship between S-RNase content in the style and self-incompatibility, and the role of the SLF gene in stamen-determining factor. Considering mutations in self-compatibility-related genes and self-compatibility in polyploid fruit trees, we discuss the potential mechanisms of self-incompatibility. Based on a preliminary study of the role of pollen tube Ca2+ gradients in self-incompatibility in Pyrus, we propose a new mechanistic model of self-incompatibility taking into account the effect of Ca2+. We also discuss the potential for hormone regulation to be used to control selfincompatibility in Rosaceae fruit trees.
Wild pear (Pyrus pyraster, syn. P. communis var. pyraster) is thought to be one of the species that gave rise to all other members of the genus Pyrus, although intraspecific hybridizations with cultivated varieties could cause the disappearance of original species characteristics. S-RNase alleles from 7 different wild pear individuals, collected from various regions of Poland, were cloned on the basis of the PCR method and nucleotide sequence analyses. The hypervariable (HV) region is responsible for allele-specific S-RNase activity in the self-incompatibility mechanism. The high level of polymorphism of its sequences may constitute a source of valuable phylogenetic information. From all individuals, 14 sequences were obtained successfully, and 9 of them were novel alleles. Phylogenetic analysis of these alleles was based on the amino acid sequence interpretation of coding regions and intron nucleotide sequences. The research conducted on a limited pool of available P. pyraster alleles gives only an initial insight into possible S-RNase allele polymorphisms in wild populations. At this stage, the results do not confirm a strong influence of cultivated pear species on the wild pear.
Variation in the level of self-incompatibility (SI) was quantified in 14 Polish lines of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) pollinated in various temperature/humidity conditions. Two methods were used to measure the expression of incompatibility: counts of seed set and counts of pollen tubes penetrating the styles 48 h after self-pollination. The level of self-incompatibility varied distinctly depending on the cultivar (from 0 to 65% seed-containing siliques). The genetic background of the material determined the influence of environmental factors on SI. Lower temperature (12°C) and higher humidity (90%) positively affected bud pollination, possibly due to a less stressful protocol. The observed great genotypic variation suggests it may be difficult to find a universal method suitable for breaking the self-incompatibility barrier for the species. The method may have to be tailored to the particular genotype.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.