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Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Evaluation of pain in athletes - selected methods

100%
Leznicka K.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2013
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tom 03
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nr 3
It is generally believed that athletes experience pain in a different way than normally active individuals. Many scientists have confirmed the hypothesis that long-term physical activity can alter the perception of pain, i.e. athletes have a higher pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The measurement of pain intensity is carried out using subjective methods based on verbal and non-verbal information, describing the clinical characteristics of pain. These psychological methods include the use of scales and questionnaires. Objective methods (thermal, mechanical and electrical) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The specificity and prevalence of chronic pain syndromes have resulted in the increased number of studies on healthy and physically active individuals. It seems that determination of the effects of exercise on the perception of pain might help in the understanding of mechanisms of pain generation.
2

Selected methods of in vitro embryo production in felids - a review

84%
Prochowska S., Nizanski W., Partyka A., Kochan J., Mlodawska W., Nowak A., Migdal A., Skotnicki J., Grega T., Palys M.
Animal Science Papers and Reports
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2017
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tom 35
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nr 4
During the past decade the need for Artificial Reproductive Techniques in felids has greatly increased. Mostly, this is a result of growing expectations that these techniques may be applied in conservation biology and thereby contribute to saving wild felids from extinction. In this article we describe three most common methods of obtaining embryos in vitro in the domestic cat and its wild relatives: classic in vitro fertilisation, in vitro fertilisation by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Each of the methods provides a cleavage rate of around 50% and approx. 20% of embryos develop to the blastocyst stage. After the transfer of embryos produced by these methods, scientists obtained living offspring of the domestic cat, as well as several wild cats: the tiger, serval, fishing cat, caracal, ocelot, wild cat, sand cat, black-footed cat and the oncilla. These successes, in spite of the low efficiency of the discussed methods, are promising and suggest that biotechniques of reproduction will be valuable tools in the protection of wild species. Somatic cell nuclear transfer will allow to sustain the narrow gene pool in the critically endangered felids. For these reasons it is necessary to conduct further research on the optimization of artificial reproduction techniques in cats.
3
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Selected methods of corporate bankruptcy risk assessment - the cases of the Polish chosen meat sector companies

84%
Boratynska K., Wloczewska E.
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu
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2013
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tom 15
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nr 6
Thanks to the tools and methods used nowadays in the financial sector, management of an enterprise in not only aware of the financial performance but is also able to assess the risks by which the company is threatened and thus prepare for necessary changes. The paper main purpose was to describe and apply the commonly used tools of the bankruptcy risk assessing. The methods were applied on four companies of the polish meat sector. Two of them went bankrupt in 2012 and other two are still operating. The paper indicates both advantages and limitations of the methods used.
4

The suitability of selected methods of nucleic acid extraction for detecting Rhodococcus equi DNA in tracheobronchial wash fluid using PCR

51%
Zietek-Barszcz A., Gradzki Z.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2010
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tom 13
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nr 3
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