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Children and teenagers constitute a separate market group, which is heterogeneous in terms of their behaviour, market attitudes and activity. This is the basis for distinguishing four market segments, different in terms of the demographic, economic and psychographic characteristics of young participants in the market.
Some of the at home and outdoor meals in the luxury goods category can be grouped into the experience products like the meals with truffle. The truffle consuming behaviour is strongly related to the prestige (hedonist, snob, bandwagon and veblenian) consuming motivations. We have analysed the consuming behaviour on a domestic representative sample (1060 people older than 15) and 113 persons were consumers of meals with truffle. The data base was evaluated with the help of factor and cluster analysis. We have defined three consumer segments that were characterised with the demographic factors, frequency of consumption and the behaviour characteristics. We have analysed buying behaviour on the sample of 63 restaurants.
Some modern remote sensing technologies, including LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), have significantly developed recently. Laser scanners mounted on the airborne platform make it possible to collect very precise information over large areas, including tree and stand heights. A literature review shows that the model-based method of tree height determination underestimates this parameter in comparison to field measurements. The objective of the study was to analyze accuracy of the automatic height estimation of Scots pine stands, based on the airborne laser scanning data and the example of the Milicz Forest District. Applied algorithm of the stand segmentation into individual trees gave systematic and significant underestimation of the number of trees. The minimum tree height was estimated with a large negative error reaching up to several meters. The maximum mean and top heights were determined more precisely, with a small negative error of a few percent. The sum of tree heights was determined with an error exceeding 40%, which is caused mostly by the error in estimation of the number of trees.
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The development strategies of the farms in Ukraine

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The peculiarities and determinants, basics and spe­cial ways for elaboration and strategy development of farms have been considered in the paper. The necessity for economic, marketing and social criteria when choosing the strategy have been presented. On the basis of SWOT analysis the strategies for farm development taking into account their type and size have been offered: dynamic, existence on the market, exit market and vertical diversification.
We describe nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic methodology, their applications to EEG research and the neurophysiological background underlying both approaches. Nonlinear methods are based on the concept of attractors in phase space. This concept on the one hand incorporates the idea of an autonomous (stationary) system, on the other hand implicates the investigation of a long time evolution. It is an unresolved problem in nonlinear EEG research that nonlinear methods per se give no feedback about the stationarity aspect. Hence, we introduce a combined strategy utilizing both stochastic and nonlinear deterministic methods. We propose, in a first step to segment the EEG time series into piecewise quasi-stationary epochs by means of nonparametric change point analysis. Subsequently, nonlinear measures can be estimated with higher confidence for the segmented epochs fullfilling the stationarity condition.
From historical perspective, brand appeared in the 19th century. Its emergence is associated with the development of packaged products. Industrialization shifted the production of large quantities of household products from smaller local companies to centralized factories. The factories producing products of mass production were trying to expand the sales of their products to people who had previously purchased only the products from smaller local companies. The manufacturers of packaged goods from large factories had to convince the market about the quality of their products. We do live in a branded world. There is no doubt about it. We all make produce decisions every day. We probably all have certain types of products of which we like only one or two brands, while we buy other things based on what is on sale on a given day. This inclination to buy branded products is rooted in two basic things: recollection and satisfaction. We remember which one we like by brand name. The concept of branding is so powerful that we now extend it to human beings as well. Have you heard people talk yet about the idea of the Brand Called You? That’s right: People are now thinking that you had better become the brand manager of you, and soon. Say what? This brand thing is getting very close to home.
Compositions of visual scenes are related here to neural signals in visual cortex and to cortical circuit models to understand neural mechanisms of perceptual feature grouping. Starting from the hypothesis that synchronization and decoupling of cortical y-activities (35-90 Hz) define the relations among visual objects, we concentrate on synchronization related to (1) static retinal stimulation during ocular fixation, and (2) transient stimulation by sudden shifts in object position. The synchronization hypothesis has been tested by analyzing signal correlations in visual cortex of monkeys with the following results: Static retinal stimuli induce loosely phase-coupled y-activities among neurons of an object's cortical representation. Patches of y-synchronization become decoupled across the representation of an object's contour, and therby can code figure-ground segregation. Transient stimuli evoke synchronized volleys of stimulus-locked activities that are typically non-rhythmic and include low frequency components in addition to those in the y-range. It is argued that stimulus-induced and stimulus-locked synchronizations may play different roles in perceptual feature grouping.
Witchweeds, especially Striga spp. (Scrophulariaceae), have become a major pest for cereal crops in Africa. Presently there are no efficient management methods to alleviate the agronomical problem posed by witchweeds. In a multidisciplinary research program addressed to the Striga problem, we conducted histological work to study the effects of a weevil (Smicronyx spp.) on Striga seed production. The embryological development of Striga hermonthica was studied in normal (unattacked) and attacked (by Smicronyx weevils) capsules. The results on the impact of Smicronyx weevils on Striga fruit are described. Our findings should be of interest in implementing a Striga management program based on seed bank control. Seed bank management should be integrated with other control tactics to achieve a practical and agronomical impact on Striga populations.
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