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Effects of pre-sowing soybean seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum alone or with mixed inoculants containing soybean rhizobia and Azotobacter chroococcum were compared. In the pot experiment all the tested strains of soybean rhizobia in pure cultures or in mixtures with A. chroococcum significantly improved nodulation of soybean plants and seed yields of this crop. In micro-plot experiments pre-sowing soybean seeds treatment with the inoculant containing the most effective strain 94P of B. japonicum alone or with the mixed inoculant of strain 94P and A. chroococcum were equally effective in improving nodulation intensity and seed yields of soybean in comparison to the uninoculated soybean.
Nitrogen fertilization of soya bean is usually limited to the starter rate. This results from the ability to plant self-supply in atmospheric nitrogen, thanks to symbiosis with nodule bacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These bacteria do not occur commonly in Polish soils. Therefore it is of great importance to inoculate seed material of soya bean with the bacterial inoculant – Nitragina. In 2011-2013 a strict field experiment was conducted located at the Experimental Station of Varietal Testing in Przecław. The test plant was soya bean of the cultivar Aldana. The following factors were taken into consideration in the one-factorial experiment: the control, Nitragina, the starter rate of nitrogen (25 kg·ha⁻¹), Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen (25 kg·ha⁻¹). The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of application of Nitragina and nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition of soya bean seeds. It was found that the used starter rate of nitrogen had a significant effect on increase in the total protein content in seeds as compared with the control. The ash content increased after the application of the bacterial inoculant – Nitragina. Significant differences in the amino acid composition of soya bean seeds were found only after the combined application of nitrogen fertilization and Nitragina. The seeds then contained the most glutamic acid and methionine and less cysteine. Nitrogen fertilization and the inoculant Nitragina did not have an effect on the content of crude fat, fibre, macroelements, zinc and copper in soya bean seeds. The application of Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen increased the iron content as compared with the content determined in seeds of plants fertilized with nitrogen. Manganese concentration decreased after the combined application of Nitragina with the starter rate of nitrogen, as compared with seeds harvested from the control.
Chemical seed dressings as biologically active substances can adversely affect the survival of root-nodule bacteria inoculated onto legume seeds and thereby reduce the number of symbiotic nodules, and thus decrease the efficacy of the whole symbiotic process. In the pot experiments the effect of chemical seed dressing Vitavax 200 FS on nodulation and growth of two field pea cultivars: Cud Kalvedonu and Grapis was studied. Untreated and Vitavax 200 FS treated pea seeds were pelleted with inoculant containing symbiotic bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) and sown into pots filled with perlite moistened with water solution of plant nutrients (without N). The inoculated with bacteria seeds were sown within 1–2 hours or 24 hours after storing at room temperature. After 4 weeks of growing plants in a growth chamber a number of root nodules was counted and fresh and dry mass of shoots were measured. The studied chemical seed dressing had no significant effect on nodulation and growth of both pea cultivars but only when seeds were sown directly after their inoculation with the symbiotic bacteria. Vitavax 200 FS affected negatively nodulation and plant growth when the treated seeds were sown 24 hours following the inoculation with symbiotic bacteria.
The trifactor experiment was conducted at the Gorzyń Research and Didactic Institute in the years 2002-2004. Its aim was to investigate the influence of foliar fertilization with microelements and seed inoculation on the crop yield and quality of seeds of the leguminous plants. The yield of seeds and the weight of 1000 of them as well as their sowing value and chemical composition depended on the course of weather conditions in individual years and on the species. Foliar fertilization with microelements and seed inoculation did not significantly influence the researched characteristics.
The field experiment was carried out between 1994-1998 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of the Academy of Podlasie, Siedlce on the influence of the means of inoculation with Rhizobium galegae and Nostoc of the Galega orientalis (Lam.) seed variety Gale on the content of dry matter, nitrogen, total protein, ash and crude fiber as well as on the yield of this plant. The climatic conditions during the experiment (1994-1998) were not suitable (very low rainfall) for growing this plant which significantly decreased the yield of the dry mass. The highest yield (10.8 t ha-1) was harvested from the object in which the seeds were inoculated by Rhizobium galegae and Nostoc. Plants harvested from this object also had the highest content of nitrogen (30 g kg-1 d.m.) and total protein (187.5 g kg-1 d.m.). The low content of ash 59 g kg-1 d.m. high in crude fiber (385 g . kg-1 d.m.) were caused by the later than normal harvesting of Galega orientalis.
Among all cultivated lupine species, yellow lupine features the most significantly contribute to the improvement of soil fertility in Poland high economic value of this species results from the fact that this plant is especially rich in protein as well as to, its usefulness for cultivation on light soils. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of seed vaccination with Nitragin and chemical protection against anthracnose on the development and yielding of two cultivars – Mister and Taper, field experiment was conducted in 2006–2007 in Dzikowice, Lubuskie province, according to split-plot method with three variables: 1. cultivars (Mister, Taper), 2. seed vaccination (with nitragin, without nitragin), 3. chemical protection against anthracnose. The experiment proved that seed vaccination with nitragin positively affected the size and number of root nodules, germinating power, number of pods, number of seeds in a pod, length of plant growing period, protein and fiber content in lupine seeds. Vaccination, however, disadvantageously affected such parameters as plant height and fat content. The latter treatment did not significantly influence thousand seed weight. As the years of investigation did not favor anthracnose occurrence, there were not observed any considerable differences between the treatments. The cultivars under examination, because of different morphotypes of yellow lupine, varied in the rate of plant growth, length of plant growing period, plants cut, as well as seeds chemical composition.
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