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The study on the young (from 1-month-old larvae to smolts) sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta) in Pomeranian rivers involved 21 morphometric characters and 10 meristic characters, opercular bone pattern, anal fin shape, pyloric caeca count, and coloration.
During a five-year period, the fecundity and egg size of individual Vistula sea trout marked with PIT tags were studied. The dependencies between fish length, age and the number of times the fish had spawned and its fecundity and egg size were analyzed. Both fecundity and egg size increased as fish length increased. However, after taking into consideration fish growth, fecundity decreased slightly with age while egg size increased. These two traits were mutually inversely correlated. After taking into consideration differences in length, fish that were spawning for the first time were less fecund than their peers at a similar egg size.
Four cranial bones (supraethmoid, glossohyal, premaxilla, vomer) of nine-month-old reciprocal hybrids of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta and the arrangement of the opercular bones in reciprocal hybrids aged from 4 to 24 months were analyzed. The supraethmoid bone in the majority of the hybrids studied was similar to that of salmon. In some hybrids, an atypical additional process was found on the lower part of the supraethmoid bone. The large process of the premaxilla bone had a short base in the two groups of hybrids as in salmon, and it was low as in trout. The shape of the vomer plate was intermediate between a triangle (as in trout) and a pentagon (as in salmon) in the majority of salmon x trout hybrids and almost half of the trout x salmon hybrids. The glossohyal in some hybrids had an uneven number of teeth in each row, and these rows of teeth were uneven.
Large areas of the Łeba River catchment are inaccessible for fish because of barriers, and this reduces significantly their spawning possibilities. The sea trout Salmo trutta L. population in the Łeba River is sustained through compensatory stocking with smolts. In the autumn of 2007 and 2008, seventy two sea trout were caught in a lake, through which the river flows, several kilometers upstream from its mouth. These individuals were tagged with radio transmitters that were recorded by two automatic stations in the river. They were also monitored with active telemetry. Only 26 of these fish moved upstream (41% in 2007 and 33% in 2008), and five reached the spawning grounds. Neither the release location in the lake nor the size of the fish influenced the timing of the fish entering the river or the extent of their migration. Among the fish originated from smolt stocked in the river segment below the lake, 24% continued to migrate and entered the river after approximately 5.7 days, as compared to 45% of the wild fish entering the river after approximately 2.3 days. Most of the stocked fish remained in the lower reaches of the river, upstream from the lake.
We investigated the growth of hydromycoflora on the eggs of sea trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta L.) in river water of different eutrophication levels. The eggs investigated were collected from 42 females caught during their spawning migration in the Parsęta River (west Pomerania), in Świbno on the Vistula River, and from those bred in fresh water in hatcheries at Miastko. The water for the experiments was collected from three different rivers: Biała (most), Krasna (middle) and Supraśl (low eutrophication). Fifty- -three species of fungi were identified on the eggs of forty-two females of sea trout. Achlya polyandra, Saprolegnia ferax and Saprolegnia parasitica were found on the eggs of all females. In the water from the Biała we observed 25 zoosporic fungus species on eggs, 34 in water from the Krasna, and 43 in water from the Supraśl. Forty zoosporic fungus species were found on the eggs of females from Świbno and 34 from Miastko, while only 25 were observed on the eggs of females from Parsęta. The following rare fungi were found: Achlya inflata, Aphanomyces frigidophilus and Saprolegnia salmonis.
The spawning stock of migratory sea trout in the Drwęca River was investigated 20 years after the Vistula River was dammed near Włocławek (1968). Fish scales and data were obtained from fish traps and anglers fishing in the lower Drwęca River. The age structure of sea trout which enter the Drwęca River to spawn and the percentage of them which are repeat spawners are presented taking into consideration the stocking coefficient. The age distribution was as follows: specimens returning to the river after one year in the sea-age A.0+ -1.3%;age group A.1+- 36.6%; age group A.2+ - 52.9%. The latter had spent three growth seasons in the sea and was the most numerous. Fish from age group A.3+ comprised an average of 8.5% of the samples. Repeat spawners comprised 4.3%. In addition to the more numerous summer sea trout, winter sea trout still occur in the Drwęca River, although they currently constitute only about 10% of all sea trout.
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