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Characterisation of salmon (Salmo salar) aged 0+, 1+, 2+, stocked in Pomeranian rivers, involved 25 plastic and 13 meristic characters, the opercular bone arrangement, and coloration. Coloration of body and fins, appearing at the age of 0+ at the fork length of 6-10 cm belonged to the earliest species-specific traits. Typical values of certain species-specific characters, such as tail base width, caudal fin incision (as per cent of l. caudalis), and the length of the upper jaw (as per cent of l. capitis) were recorded as early as in the fish aged 0+. Other characters, such as the opercular bone arrangement, were observed in those individuals aged 1+ and only in some fish aged 0+. The typical salmon anal fin shape occurred in some of the salmon aged 1+ and 2+ only. The study showed a high variability and significant differences in meristic and plastic characters between individuals grown in various rivers.
The last remaining salmon population in Poland went extinct in the mid 1980s. The salmon restoration program in Poland in based on Daugava salmon, and the first eyed Daugava salmon eggs were imported to Poland in 1985, and they continued to be imported in subsequent years. Spawners were reared in net cages in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Salmon smolts have been released into Pomeranian rivers and the Vistula River since 1994. Between 1994 and 1999, 1, 644, 936 salmon smolts were released, of which 63, 602 were tagged. Overall, there was a low recovery rate of tagged specimens, and from many experiments there were no recoveries at all. The highest recovery rate was 4.5%. Tagged salmon migrated throughout the Baltic Sea, but the highest concentration of catches were in the Gulf of Gdańsk, near Bornholm and in the Gulf of Finland. In the first winter, the tagged salmon attained an average length of 62.9 cm and an average weight of 2.9 kg, in the second winter theses figures were 76.1 cm and 5.3 kg, and in the third they were 90.7 cm and 7.6 kg.
Background. Early maturation of salmon males (Salmo salar L.) affects the reduction of fish physical condition and culture Materials and Methods. Atotal of 145 salmon males belonging to a group of low growth rate specimens that had not smoltified during the first spawning season were sampled from the "Aquamar" Fish Farm (Miastko, Poland). The study was based on light microscopy examination of histological sections and a standard procedure of milt quality evaluation. The gonadal development stage was determined with Billard and Escaffre ′s 9-grade scale modified by Dziewulska. Results. The mean fork length of males was 10.45 cm. Three groups of males were distinguished: non-maturing (stage I); beginning spermatogenesis (inactive substage II); and precocious (stages VI to IX plus maturing males classified as undergoing "attempted spermatogenesis"). The groups contained 72.4, 4.8, and 22.8% of the males examined, respectively. The gonadosomatic index recorded in the three respective groups ranged from 0.010 to 0.164 (mean 0.040); 0.050 -0.155 (0.089); and 0.058 -6.219 (1.358). The gonadosomatic index is not an accurate indicator of gonadal activity. The precocious males semen contained from 6.1 to 23.0 million spermatozoa per mm 3 (13.41 million on the average). Spermatozoa performing progressive movements constituted 80-90%. Results. On the other hand, precocious male can fertilize mature eggs. The aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of precocious maturation and to evaluate semen characteristics in a group of cultured 1-year-old salmon. Conclusion. Among non-maturing males and males beginning spermatogenesis, precocious individuals were detected, the latter produced semen of good quality.
A comparison was made of the incubation period and the dynamics of the hatching of the offspring of three groups of fish (brown trout, sea trout that had smoltified, sea trout that had not smoltified) that were reared under the same conditions and spawned on the same day. The length of the incubation period differed ranging from 304 to 376°D among the offspring of individual fish as well as among the fish groups. The eggs of brown trout developed the most slowly (average 347°D), while those of the smoltified sea trout developed the quickest (average 336°D). No dependence was determined between incubation period and egg size. The longer the incubation period was, the shorter the entire hatching period was, but its peak was more extended lasting from 5 to 34°D. The duration of the hatching peak decreased as the average egg size increased.
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