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Studies on periphyton of Crinium plants were conducted in the estuary (New Calabar River) of the Niger Delta at 4 different locations during the two major seasons (rainy and dry season). Periphyton samples were collected from an area (of 2 cm by 2 cm) in 3 sets of 3 replicates for biomasses (AFDW-ash free dry weight and chlorophyll a) and for numerical abundance. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, hardness and salinity were also collected from the respective stations. Temperature was considerably uniform but conductivity, hardness and salinity showed increasing graduation in concentration down stream. A total of 110 periphyton species were recorded with diatoms constituting 54% of the occurring species followed by Euglenophyta (21%), Chlorophyta (17%), Cyanophyceae (6%) and Rhodophyta (1.8%). There were strong similarities in the values obtained for species richness, periphyton abundance, and chlorophyll a, AFDW (ash free dry weight) for wet and dry season indicating no seasonal influence. However, the periphyton abundance, chlorophyll a and ash free dry weight distribution suggested strongly influence by the salinity gradient. The values for periphyton abundance ranged from 2621 (±168.5) to 3452.8 (±715.9) indiv. cm⁻². In addition, the combined mean values for chlorophyll a, and ash free dry weight in the system were 8.443 ± 2.51 mg cm⁻² and 0.32 ± 0.07 g cm⁻², respectively.
This paper analyzes whether physicochemical properties significantly influence the occurrence of zooplankton in a brackish reservoir. The studies were carried out on the Vistula Lagoon in August and September from 2006 to 2009 at 32 research sites. The environmental conditions in the Vistula Lagoon varied widely. At the time of the investigation, 17 species of rotifers, six species of Cladocera, and ten species of Copepoda were noted, and the total density of plankton fauna ranged from 145 to 765 ind. dm3. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the occurrence of some zooplankton species and certain environmental parameters, whereas the sampling sites were grouped according to study years. The zooplankton systems recorded at the research sites in 2006 constitute the most disparate group. Thus, it can be concluded that physicochemical properties might significantly impact both individual species (depending on their environmental demands) and entire zooplankton clusters.
From 1994 to 1996 changes in the concentrations of dissolved mono- (MCHO) and total dissolved polysaccharides (TCHO) as well as the activities of carbohydratedegrading enzymes (α- and β-glucosidase, glucosaminidase) were investigated during mixing of water from the River Odra and the open Pomeranian Bight. This study addresses the question of whether their distribution was a result of physical dilution alone or if biological interactions were detectable. Within the salinity gradient, ranging from 1.9 to 7.8 PSU, TCHO declined from 13.2 μmol l−1 near the Świna mouth to 2.8 μmol l−1 after mixing. Concentrations of MCHO decreased from 3.4 μmol l−1 to 1.1 μmol l−1 but its distribution pattern varied more between summer and autumn than that of TCHO. The hydrolysis rate (Hr) by glucosidase and glucosaminidase activities was reduced from 13.9% h−1 to 0.3% h−1 and 9.9% h−1 to 0.2% h−1, respectively, and correlated with the uptake rate of glucose (To) by bacteria. In summer, the To/Hr ratio increased from about 1.2 to 29.4, mainly because of stronger decreases in Hr than in To. It was shown that the relationship between enzymatic release and uptake of carbohydrates influences the concentration of dissolved carbohydrates within the salinity gradient. Most probably, the decrease in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes is the result of reduced substrate stimulation and the lower number of particle-associated bacteria.
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