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The aim of the study was to compare parameters of acid-base equilibrium in arterial and capillary blood samples of Beagle dogs at a similar age. The study was performed on 30 clinically healthy Beagle dogs (19 males, 11 females). After measurement of the core temperature samples of arterial and capillary blood were obtained. Arterial blood was taken from the femoral artery and capillary blood from the vascular bed of the claw. In the samples parameters of acid-base equilibrium such as pH of blood, pCO₂, pO₂, HCO₃, BE were determined. In each sample the above-mentioned parameters were measured twice: at the standard temperatures 37°C and 38°C, which was the real core temperature in the examined dogs. Significant differences between pH of arterial (7.44 ± 0.02) and capillary (7.46 ± 0.03) blood was noted in the study. Similarly, pO₂ differed between the arterial (94.07 ± 10.73) and capillary (83.5 ± 6.34) samples. There was no difference between arterial and capillary blood on the remaining parameters of acid-base equilibrium - pCO₂ (33.07 mmHg ± 3.30 vs. 33.0 mmHg ± 3.35) and HCO₃ - (22.17 mmol/l ± 1.66 vs. 23.25 mmol/l ± 2.33) - no statistically significant differences between arterial and capillary blood was observed. A significant difference between BE of arterial (-)1.07 mmol/l ± 1.45 and capillary (+)0.58 mmol/l ± 2.08 samples was also present. Arterial blood gas sampling estimated at the temperatures 37°C and 38°C showed statistically different values of all studied parameters of acid-base equilibrium pH (37°C = 7.44 ± 0.02, 38°C = 7.43 ± 0.03), pCO₂ (37°C = 33.07 mmHg ± 3.3, 38°C = 34.38 mmHg ± 3.42) and pO₂ (37°C = 94.07 mmHg ± 10.73, 38°C = 96.92 mmHg ± 17.58). The parameters of acid-base equilibrium differ significantly between arterial and capillary blood samples of Beagle dogs. The expedient procedure to obtain the most credible results is to estimate blood samples at a temperature identical to the core temperature of the examined dogs.
The aim of study was estimate the effects of acetazolamid administration on arterial acid-base equilibrium and electrolyte concentrations and electrocardiograms in dogs. The study was carried out on 10 mixed-breed dogs, which were administered acetazolamid over 3 days in doses of 30 mg/kg b.w. twice a day. Administration of acetazolamid caused a decrease in pH levels, partial pressure of carbon oxide, bicarbonates in the blood and ions of potassium in the serum. An increase of chloride and sodium concentration in serum was also observed. These results indicate hypochloremic metabolic acidosis associated with hypokalemia. Electrocardiography recordings in the examined dogs were abnormal. Prolonged QT intervals, depression of ST segments and the appearance of a paroxysmal, polymorphous type of ventricular tachycardia were also recorded.
The adaptation of animals to certain environmental changes increases their chances of survival. The animals which have undergone adaptation are able to synchronize their vital processes with the cyclic changes of the environment in which they exist. This process leads to establishing a certain biological balance, constantly controlled by endogenic factors. Due to the considerable drop in temperature, deficiency or lack of food, or shortening of the photoperiod, heterothermic animals, including hibernators, cease physical activities and allow for the lowering of their body temperature, thus saving large amounts of energy. This state of winter lethargy, connected with the fall of the body temperature and metabolism is called hibernation.
Celem badań było porównanie nasilenia objawów klinicznych biegunki z kształtowaniem się poziomów parametrów równowagi kwasowo-zasadowej oraz wskaźników hematologicznych u cieląt w okresie neonatalnym. Krew od cieląt pobierano w 7, 14 i 21 życia. Do kwasicy metabolicznej u cieląt dochodzi nawet przy umiarkowanym nasileniu biegunki. Wraz ze złagodzeniem jej objawów występuje kompensacja metaboliczna, w wyniku wzrostu HCO₃⁻ i BE. Stwierdzona 7 dnia życia cieląt kwasica oddechowa w okresie 2 tygodni badań nie uległa pełnej kompensacji. Kształtowanie się parametrów hematologicznych krwi cieląt w okresie neonatalnym głównie zależy od stanu ich zdrowia.
Blood acid-base, PCY and haemoglobin values and serum total protein, urea, glucose and electrolyte concentrations were determined in 51 clinically normal calves of 1-3, 4-7 and 8-10 days of age. The mean venous pH, НСОз and BE values were 7.363±0.038, 26.14±2.30 mmol/I and 0.35±2.01 mmol/l respectively between 1 and 3 days, and increased significantly to 7.386+0.036,27.46±2.80 mmol/l and 1.86+2.50 mmol/l between 4 and 10 days. The рСОз pressure did not change significantly due to age and for 1-10 day - old calves was 6.19+0.59 kPa. There were significant decreases in PCV and Hb values, from 0.32+0.05 1/1 and 102.4±11.3 g/1 to 0.29±0.04 1/1 and 97.3±15.1 g/1 respectively, between 1-3 and 4-10 days of age. The serum urea level declined from 3.12+0.79 mmol/l to 2.82±0.77 mmol/l, whereas serum inorganic phosphorus concentration elevated with increasing age from 2.26±0.33 mmol/l to 2.68±0.33 mmol/l. Serum total protein, glucose, sodium, potassium and chloride levels did not differ significantly during the first 10 days of life, and the mean values of these parameters were 56.7±10.0 g/1, 6.85±1.19 mmol/l, 133.10±9.78 mmol/l, 5.17±0.45 mmol/l and 99.43±2.63 mmol/l, respectively.
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