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Nine rhizobial strains isolated from the root nodules of Cicer arietinum, Vigna radiata, V. mungo, Samania saman, Sesbania sesban, Leucinia sp., Prosopis cineraria and Medicago sativa were used to study their effects on root-infecting fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium u solani and Rhizoctonia solani. In dual culture plale assay, strains of Brudyrhizobium sp., and R. meliloti were found to inhibit radial growth of M. phaseolina. F. solani and R. soluni producing zones of inhibition, Brudyrhizobium sp., and R. meliloti either used as seed dressing or as soil drench significantly suppressed root-rot infection caused by M. phaseolina, F. solani and R. solani in okra, a non-leguminous crop under greenhouse conditions. Biomass of plants was also higher in the presence of rhizobia.
This study was done to assess the antifungal effect of some biocontrol agents effective microorganisms (EMs1), Pseudomonas fluorescences, and Bacillus pumilus, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, black cumin and wheat germ oils as well as the recommended fungicide (flutolanil) against root rot of tomato. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) examination was completed to identify the bioactive compounds in plant oils (dark cumin and wheat germ). Also the impact of these medicines on some biochemical and growth parameters of tomato was examined. Flutolanil was the best treatment followed by dark cumin, TiO2, EMs1, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus pumilus and wheat germ oil, individually in both test seasons. The outcomes demonstrated a marked increase in each biochemical character (chlorophyll substance, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and plant development (height and fresh and dry weight) under all the tried treatments in comparison to the controls.
One of the methods limiting the damages done by Armillaria species is to decrease the number of dead wood stumps attacked by it, particularly it refers to deciduous tree stumps.The objective of the presented paper was an attempt to estimate the possibility to select some saprotrophic fungi species whose ability of decaying oak wood is higher and faster than that of Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink and Armillaria gallica Marxm & Romagn, and which could be utilized in a biological protection method preventing Armillaria root-wood attack. All analyzed wood samples were colonized by tested mycelia. Among the fungi which could be utilized in a biological method of protection against root mould caused by Armillaria, the fungus Tramestes versicolor has shown to be the best suited for this purpose. Four different isolates were tested, which have confirmed their efficiency in decaying oak heartwood. Therefore, this fungus could be used for the elaboration of a biopreparation protecting effectively against Armillaria root rot.
Tolerance of several strains of the P-, S-, and F- intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum to low pH and high concentration of aluminium ions was studied on malt extract agar. There were marked intraspecific, but not intergroup, variations in tolerance to both factors. Some strains were relatively tolerant or sensitive to low pH and aluminium, while the others were tolerant to low pH but sensitive to Al. There was no relationship between tolerance of the strains to low pH and their tolerance to aluminium stress.
The objective of the presented studies was the determination of Armillaria species causing root rot in stands growing in habitats of a higher fertility in the Siemianice Experimental Forest District. With the application of the mycelium intersterility test, the occurrence of A. gallica and A. ostoyae was found on the area of the mentioned Forest District, while in the nearby situated Mansion Park, Armillaria cepistipes was identified.
Zucchini is a very valuable vegetable, easy to grow both in the field and under covers but it is often attacked by soil-borne fungi. The investigations were carried out in a farm near Lublin where three zucchini cultivars: Astra, Atena and Soraya, were grown in a tunnel and in the field in 2008-2009. Plants with stem and root rot were collected for laboratory tests. Mycological analysis showed that the predominant fungi were F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum. More Fusarium colonies were isolated from the roots of zucchini grown in the tunnel. In the pathogenicity test, all tested isolates of F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum proved to be pathogenic to zucchini seedlings, causing stunting, stem and root rot. The highest disease index was noticed in the combination with F. culmorum isolate fck61.
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IE-6 was tested for antagonistic activity towards Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode and soilbome root-infecting fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina. Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Cell-free culture filtrate of the bacterium caused significant reduction in egg hatching of M. javanica and inhibited radial growth of fungi in vitro. Cell-free culture filtrate also caused lyses in mycelium of F. solani. Under greenhouse conditions, soil drenches with the aqueous celi suspension or cell-free culture resulted in a considerable reduction in nematode population densities in soil and subsequent root-knot development due to M.javanica. In addition to nematode control, rhizobacterium application also inhibited root-infection caused by soilborne root-infecting fungi with significant enhancement of growth of tomato seedlings.
Serious losses caused by root rot of sugar beet were observed in Poland in 2001 and 2002. The disease occurred in most of regions of sugar beet cropping from June to the end of growing season. Very high losses of yield were observed on many fields especially on cultivar Lolita in 2001. The aim of this work was to detect the casual agent of root rot (2001) and to compare susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to this disease (2002–2003). The laboratory tests (2001) showed that most of destroyed roots were infected by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler. This species is very well known as a pathogen of sugar beet seedling damping-off in Poland. The fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was found only in 12% of rotten roots collected in south-eastern part of Poland. In field trails the highest number of infected roots and the highest infection indexwere found for cultivar Arthur (2002–2003). That cultivar was significantly more susceptible to root rot than the rest of tested cultivars.
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean is a destructive disease of soybean in Iran. During 1998-2005, 142 isolates from soil and diseased soybean plants were collected and tested. Race identification was made possible by inoculating Rps differential soybean cultivars and lines. Of the 142 isolates tested, 110 isolates belonged to race 1 and 32 isolates belonged to race 3. Race 1 was dominant in soil and diseased plant samples. There was no variability in virulence of Phytophthora sojae between the areas surveyed.
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