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Wplyw warunkow srodowiskowych na zarobaczenie psow

75%
The following intestinal parasites: Dipylidium caninum, Taenia hydatigena, Trichocephalus vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ascaris sp. have been found on the basis of coprological investigations of 120 dogs from the Wrocław shelter, 20 dogs from Wrocław flats and 20 dogs from rural area of Kielce district. Total extensity of infection of rural dogs was 100% and 40-48% in town. These differences, according to the authors, are connected with different breeding conditions as well as with the specific contacts of investigated animals with others in various environments in Poland.
Investigations were carried out from December 1995 to July 1996 on the deer farm of W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kosewo Górne (Olsztyn province). On an area of 100 ha, 170 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 170 fallow deer (Dama dama) grazed in two separate yards. Before the drug administration, 30 randomly collected faecal samples from red and fallow deer were examined quantitatively by flotation and Baermann methods. In the examined animals were found gastro-intestinal nematodes from the Trichostrongylidae family and Trichocephalus genus, Elaphostrongylus cervi tissue nematodes, and Verestrongylus sagittatus and Dictyocaulus noerneri lung nematodes. Specially prepared granulated food which contained 2.5 kg of Ivomec Premix (0.6% of Ivermectine) in 500 kg of granulate, was given to the animals. Red deer and fallow deer received two doses of 0.3 mg Ivermectine per kg of body weight on two consecutive days. To establish the efficacy of treatment, 30 faecal samples from both species of deer were collected and examined 18, 120 and 200 days after drug administration. The treatment showed high effectiveness. Efficacy against THchostrongylidae nematodes was 89.3% in red deer and 95.5% in fallow deer, and against Trichocephalus 91.2% and 100%, respectively. Efficacy against lung nematodes was also high. In red deer it was 90.3% against E. cervi, 95.3% against V. sagitatus and 99.6% against D. noerneri. Fallow deer were completely free from D. noerneri. A high effect of dehelmintisation was observed 120 days after drug administration and some effect was observed even on day 200.
The differentiation of T. canis and T. cati eggs is an important problem in epidemiology. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to differentiate the species of Toxocara spp. eggs using light microscope and evaluating the morphological features of the eggs. The size of the eggs and their shells appearance are very characteristic. T. canis eggs prevail in larger size classes than T. cali and have thicker, less permeable for light and more pleated shells. Using such criteria we were able to differentiate the species of the majority of Toxocara spp. eggs found in soil.
The effect of eight anthelmintics (Rintal, Fenbesan, Telmin, Banminth, Pyrantel, Nilverm, Levamisol and Bioscardina) on the α- and γ-amylases, trypsin, and lipase from pig's pancreas and gut of Ascaris suum was determined. In extracts from A. suum gut also the maltase, trehalase and saccharase activities were examined. All drugs tested did not influence on the host's α-amylase. Telmin and Bioscardina were inhibitors of γ-amylase, Rintal and Telmin - of trypsin, Fenbesan and Bioscardina - of lipase from pig's pancreas. Among the parasite's enzymes the lipase was the most sensitive. Its activity was decreased (35-60%) by Telmin, Nilverm and both pyrantel derivatives. The activity of maltase and trehalase was reduced by Levamisol and Banminth, that of saccharase by Levamisol. It is concluded that the anthelmintics Levamisol and Banminth seemed the most efficient among the tested drugs because they did not alter the activity of host's enzymes and, showed the inhibitory effect on three of parasite's enzymes.
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