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The study of diversity of plants in an urban area is a suitable measure of the terrestrial ecosystem. The study of avenue and wild plants diversity is an important research work, which provides knowledge about naturally occurring chemicals in plants, to protect against mutation, cancer and other diseases. These are commonly called as phytochemicals and the natural chemical ingredients are potent to use in antimutagenicity. The present study aims to understand the occurrence and population nos. of different avenue and wild plants planted or natural on roadside near Nature Park, Kolkata, India. The results clearly indicate that a total population of these plant species are having 282 nos. in the study area. Various literatures clearly revealed that these plants and/or their parts have potent antimutagenic properties by the presence of several phytochemicals. In conclusion, present preliminary research emphasizes an occurrence of antimutagenic avenue and wild plants on roadsides, containing natural chemical ingredients. Previous research works confirmed that toxins or mutagens or carcinogens may cause mutation that leads to cancer. The present study is a preliminary assessment of antimutagenic avenue and wild plant species diversity that have not yet been studied in that particular geographical area. The present study also suggested that avenue and wild plants are suitable for antimutagenic potential along with aesthetical view of human as well as ecosystem support. Therefore, biodiversity study, phytochemicals estimation and conservation of these particular plant species and/or different antimutagenic species in other local area viz. roadsides, parks, forests etc. might be relevant because the plant species can be used for herbal medicine in human healthcare as well as to prevent mutation and cancer.
The observation of the rapid rate of plant cover transformation caused by urbanization and agricultural technology was the inspiration for undertaking the study in rural areas. The study was carried out in the Sandomierz Basin in four typical villages with varying degrees of the anthropogenic impact. The changes observed included: Koszyce Małe – evident transformation of fields and meadows into building land; Kolbuszowa Dolna – intensive changes in land use, abandonment of fields and meadows, and river regulation; Roźwienica – emergence of new habitats for plant colonization after reclamation of land previously occupied by a brick factory and a landfill; Krzeczowice – intensive crop cultivation and unchanged land use. In 2009–2010, floristic investigations with the patrol method were carried out in these areas. The historical-geographical classification and indices of the anthropogenic changes of the flora were employed in the analysis. Substantially, domination of synanthropic species over non-synanthropic spontaneophytes was noted in the analysed floras. In the synanthropic species group, the proportion of apophytes was 3-fold higher than that of anthropophytes. Archaeophytes were more abundant than kenophytes. The flora of Krzeczowice, an area affected by long-term anthropopressure, was by approx. 30% less abundant than that in the other villages; it was also characterised by the highest synanthropization index, apophytization index, and index of apophytism of spontaneophytes. In turn, the flora found in Kolbuszowa Dolna was rich due to the presence of a wide variety of habitats; it was characterised by the lowest apophytization index accompanied by the highest anthropophization index.
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