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The historic town park in Zduńska Wola in its central and northern part is a designated conservation area pending on the local spatial development plan and the Registry of Historical Monuments. The composition of the park is diversified, with the highest elevation point in its northern part, sloping to the south towards the valley of the Pichna River which feeds two park ponds, including the bigger one with an island, which closes a compositional axis, and the smaller one – a remnant of a long gone fire-fighting reservoir. The area holds considerable natural values, because of an old-growth forest and the described water system. Extensive research and numerous analyses were conducted in the course of the preparations for the park revalorisation. They included an assessment of the sanitary condition of the Pichna River waters, which flow through the park and feed the ponds. It turned out that the level of contamination (caused, among others, by discharges of untreated water from the nearby traffic routes) made it impossible to carry out the revalorisation, while letting for the ponds to be further fed with the river waters. In order to ensure a satisfactory level of water quality and clearness in both ponds, a decision was made to introduce complex and advanced technology to renovate the water system. The introduced solutions gained recognition from the Provincial Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, which granted considerable funding and an award in the contest ‘Natural treasures of the Łódzkie Voivodeship – program for the revitalisation of historical parks’.
Syr Darya one of the most important rivers in Central Asia, Central Asia’s longest river, and second-largest by volume. By the time it nears the end of a twisting course that takes it through four Central Asian states, the Syr Darya has accumulated such high levels of agricultural runoff such as pesticides and fertilizers, industrial waste, and any number of other contaminants that some are warning that crops irrigated by the river in southern Kyzyl-Orda province should be burned.
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The measurements of chemical components in water of Wieprza River showed that water of this river in 2002-2003 was characterised by the high purity. The average values of most indexes were contained in the ranges of standards for the first purity class. Nevertheless considerable increase of investigation parameters was observed in zone of sewage-treatment plant and uncontrolled waste dump. The part of flow downing pollutions were absorbed by peat soils. Kępice town bring into Wieprza River the load of organic matter miscalculating to BOD5 average 133 kg O2 d-1 (85 t O2 y-1), the load of nitrogen 140 kg N d-1 (51 t N y-1) and phosphorus 18 kg P d-1 (6.2 t P y-1). However Wieprza River shows high self-purification ability. The level of investigation components in this river (4 km outside of the Kępice town) returned to the level which was 2 km before the town.
This research assesses the concentration of Zn, Ag, Hg, Pb and Cu in surface water Kutcheri’s River Yankuzau and other streams coordinates range between longitude 11°48′ N to 11°53′N and latitude 7°00′ to 7°05′E using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometre (AAS). Artisanal mining has become prominent in these areas. It’s become imperative to analyze these metal concentrations because they are associated with gold mineralization. Apart from polluting the water by artisanal miners, heavy metals are released into the surface water which most villager drink without pretreatment.
Salmonella species were isolated from Nworie River and then tested against several antibiotics to include; Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Amoxycillin, Kanamycin, Oxacillin, Ofloxacin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam and Ceftazidime. Salmonella isolates obtained from the river were resistant to at least three different antibiotics. All isolates were resistant to Amoxycillin, Oxacillin and Iminipem showing a 100% resistant rate, while showing sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin, Aztreonam, Gentamycin, Ceftazidime, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, and Ofloxacin at sensitivity rates of 71.4%, 7.1%, 77.1%, 11.4%, 44.3%, 48.6% and 78.6% respectively. The antibiotic-resistant Salmonella species were further tested against the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf, stem and roots to assess their antibacterial potential at a concentration of 100mg/ml. Aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem and roots showed no activity against antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolate, while the ethanol and acetone extracts showed activity rates of 20% and 17% for roots, 14.3% and 12.9% for stem, and, 15.7% and 11.4% for leaf. The results from this study further confirms the antibacterial potentials of Vernonia amygdalina against antibioticresistant bacterial isolates.
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