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Clinical nad laboratory investigations in a barn of 150 Polish - merino sheep indicated eperythrozoonosis. Clinical symptoms noted in 11 animals from a few months to 2 years of age were manifested by apathy, anorexia, hyposthenia, pale and yellow colored conjunctivae and increased internal body temperature. During the first week after the appearance of clinical symptoms 4 animals died. Gross pathological lesions included the pale color of mucosal membranes, an enlarged and brittle liver (yellow), the increased volume of visceral and pleural exudate, and yellow or bloody exudate in the pericardial sac. The red blood cell count (RBC), content of hemoglobin (HOM) and mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and hematocrit value (HCI) significantly decreased. Microscopic examination of blood smears stained by the LYM method increased the white blood cell count (WBC), including the percentage of lymphocytes (LYM). In blood smears stained by Giemsa Eperythrozoon sp. were found in red blood cells.
In April 2008 a two-year-old dog of the Leonberger race with symptoms of apathy, loss of appetite and with the temperature 40.1°C was brought to the Veterinary Polyclinic of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn The hematological examinations showed a slight thrombocytopenia, and a routinely performed blood smear for the presence of Babesia canis gave a negative result. Despite administering antipyretic and antibiotic, the condition of the patient deteriorated in the following twenty-four hours. The repeated blood tests showed deepening thrombocytopenia, worsening red blood cell indicators and an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the level of urea and creatinin. The repeated blood smear for B. canis gave a positive result at that time. Treatment for babesiosis was applied including the administration of imidocarb, intravenous infusions and diuresis-supporting medicines. In the following days the condition of the dog relapsed in spite of the treatment. Additional symptoms appeared, such as difficult breathing, serous nostril and conjunctival outflow, loss of body weight, pallor of mucous membranes, vomiting, reluctance to move and a deteriorating dyspnea. Blood examinations showed growing leukocytosis and granulocytosis as well as RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT levels remaining considerably below physiological norms. In the blood smear, performed again, the presence of blue-staining inclusion bodies, which were identified as the morula of Ehrlichia canis, was observed in single monocytes. The diagnosis was confirmed with the immunochromatographic test. As a treatment, oxytetracycline was applied intravenously for 7 days, followed by doxycycline administered orally for 5 weeks. The patient’s condition required also the application of full tinned blood, as well as the usage of intravenous infusions and diuretic for several days. During five days from the beginning of the therapy with tetracyclines the clinical condition of the dog and the blood examination results were strongly improved and returned to the physiological norm during two weeks following the end of the antibiotic therapy.
This paper is a comprehensive presentation of the role of ticks, especially those occurring in Poland, in the epidemiology of arthropod-borne diseases. Following paragraphs review briefly principal diseases of viral, rickettsial and bacterial etiology with emphasis on natural circulation of pathogens between ticks serving as vectors and various vertebrates which function as tick hosts and pathogen reservoires. The vertical circulation of pathogens within the ticks population as well as modes of transmission of viruses, rickettsiae and bacteria by ticks to man are also outlined.
One hundred and twenty three sera of cats were tested by the ELISA method for the presence of antibodies against FeLV antigen. The prevalence rate of infection was 12.1%. The infection was found in clinically ill cats usually over two years of age. There was no significant difference between sexes found in FeLV positive animals. In the group of healthy cats and cats aged up to eight weeks, no antibodies against p. 27 antigen of FeLV were discovered. Besides, it was noted that four of the FeLV positive cats (4 out of 15) were also infected with Hemobartonella felis. Haematological survey revealed that these animals suffered from a more severe anaemia than those infected with H. felis of FeLV alone.
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