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Effects of temperature and glycerol concentration on rheological properties of potato starch solutions were investi- gated. The flow behaviour (shear stress against shear rate) was fitted to various models: power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Bingham, modified Bingham and Casson models. However, it was found that the Herschel-Bulkley model describes better the flow behaviour observed at various temperatures and glycerol concentrations, for flow behaviour index values between 0.44 and 0.78, typical of pseudoplastic solutions. The effect of glycerol concentration on each of the fitting parameters for Herschel-Bulkley model was well modelled by a second-degree polynomial at various temperatures. The simultaneous influence of glycerol concentration and tempe- rature on shear stress could be represented empirically by a second- degree polynomial function that includes linear coupling between concentration and temperature. Finally, the variation of the con- sistency coefficient with both temperature and glycerol concentra- tion was well described by an exponential expression, with an acti- vation energy value of 2.78 kJ mol -1 . The results indicate that both glycerol content and temperature have the effect of diluting potato starch solutions.
Samples of excess sludge from wastewater treatment plants were investigated in order to determine the dependence of rheological parameters of sewage sludge on lime addition. Hydration of the sludge is one of its main features which determine sludge management and waste disposal cost. The rheological behavior of sludge is a key characteristic, since it determines the treatment processes. This research has evaluated the use of rheological properties for characterization and control of sludge and lime mixture flow behaviour. A laboratory investigation was conducted using rotating coaxial cylinder and several different gravimetric oncentrations of the investigated sludge. In order to describe the rheological characteristics, the 3-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model was applied. Rheological characterization is of great importance in sludge management, both in terms of biomass dewatering and stabilizing properties, and in terms of design parameters for sludge handling operations.
The milk along with xanthan at levels 0, 1.9, 3.9, 5.9, 7.9, 9.9 and 0.1 and 0.2 % (No 1 (control) to 11 respectively) as egg replacement were used for preparation of mayonnaise. Creaming index, heat stability, physical stability and rheological properties of samples over a were investigated. Also flow behavior of samples were fitted to Power law, Herschel- Bulkley and Casson models. It was found that addition milk along with xanthan to mayonnaise protected from phase separation in comparison to control sample. All the samples had stability higher than 99% except samples 1, 4, 5 and 6. The highest stability was recorded for sample No 11 (99.98%) and the lowest for 5 (74.95%) that compared with control sample had significant differences (p> 0.05). All the samples except No 1 and 5 showed heat stability higher than 99 % and the highest stability recorded for No 11 ( 99.72%) and the lowest for No 5 (67.42 %) and in comparison with control were significantly different (p> 0.05). Apparent viscosity decreased with increase the egg replacement from 40% to 80%, as the highest and lowest viscosity observed in samples contain 100% and 80% replacement respectively. All samples showed shear-thinning behavior and the high coefficients of determination for Power law and Herschel-Bulkley models (0.99) revealed the adequacy of these rheological models to describe flow behavior of mayonnaise.
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