An efficient system of crop plant fertilization is a prerequisite for fulfilling backgrounds of the concept known as sustainable agriculture. A well developed, i.e., adjusted to any site specific conditions of plant production, system of plant crop fertilization should allow to reach by the cultivated plant a state of nutritional homeostasis, as a base to full expression of its resistance mechanisms to pressure of pathogenic organisms. Growth and development of crop plants is under permanent, but variable in the course of vegetation, pressure of pathogens. Plant crop response to their attack is generally a result of its genetic natural backgrounds and/or breeding progress (resistance). Plant crop variety susceptibility to disease is modified by the growth environment, affecting both i) its nutritional status and ii) pathogen’s activity. Mechanisms of plant resistance to pathogens in the course of the growing season results from development of its i) structural and ii) biochemical barriers. Protection functions of nutrients reveal at each stage of both primary and secondary barriers build-up. Plant crop growth under conditions of imbalanced nitrogen economy results in release to the external environment (rhizosphere, fyllosphere) low-molecular compounds, attracting pathogens. The main way to decrease this process is to take nitrogen metabolism under control through its balancing with potassium as the main element, following by sulfur and micronutrients. Accumulation of lignin in the cell wall as physical barrier to penetrating fungal hyphae depends on plant crop nutritional status with respect to copper, sulfur and also on silicon. A highly specific protective functions are related to calcium activity in plants body. On the one hand calcium content in the cell wall controls direct pathogen activity and on the other hand its content in the cell cytoplasm is essential for plant response to stresses, including pathogen’s attack. In the protection cascade a specific, even primary function is attributed to potassium, which controls activity of the plasma membrane located NADPH oxidizes. Increasing activity of these enzymes is a prerequisite for a rapid reactive oxygen forms (ROS) synthesis in the site of pathogen attack. It is necessary to keep in mind, that increased synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in response to pathogen’s attack depends on availability of sulfur and micronutrients such as manganese, copper, zinc and others. However, the nutrient-induced mechanisms of plant protection can reach their full state, provide that plants are well supplied with macro- and micronutrients.
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