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An improved method for gene deletion or replacement in Escherichia coli was developed. It employs a set of integrative vectors and two helper plasmids, as a temporary source of RecA and Flp activities. The integrative vectors combine several useful features including three different selection markers placed between two parallel oriented Flp recombinase target (FRT) sites. Each marker is flanked by two MCSs, for cloning the chosen homologous fragments of DNA to gene targeting. The vectors contain two properly oriented E. coli Chi sites for recombination enhancement. When required, selection markers can be excised from the chromosome resulting in unmarked strains.
Due to aging of the population and the desire of people to maintain the best possible mobility, the demand for hip replacement is increasing. As a result, personalization of physical therapy after surgery is needed to achieve the best possible outcomes. However, patients undergoing hip replacement surgery often have additional factors, such as advanced age and obesity, which may hinder the process of rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to review the need and recommendations for personalized physical therapy before and after hip replacement surgery in patients with co-morbid factors such as advanced age and obesity. The research literature emphasizes the importance of effective recovery following hip replacement surgery. Older patients may require prolonged postoperative rehabilitation due to the type of surgery, muscle weakness or cognitive dysfunction. Proprioception and balance disorders may benefit from training on an unstable surface aimed at learning safe falling and getting up after a fall. Weakened gluteal muscles which may be present in the elderly and obese may benefit from strength training in the preoperative period. Excessive exposure of the elderly and obese to thromboembolic complications necessitate the inclusion in rehabilitation programs of exercises based on active ankle movement.
Effects of inuline used as partial fat replacement in cookies containing three different fats were studied. During experiment sensory and instrumental attributes of reference cookies and low fat formulation in which 50% of fat was replaced with inuline were compared. Shortenings used for preparation of cookies differed greatly in saturated fatty acids (SFA) (29.9–57.5%), trans fatty acids (TFA) (0.9–23.1%) and solid fat content (SFC) at 25°C (13.6–31.6%). Replacement of 50% fat with inuline in the formulations enabled obtaining samples with higher instrumental values of texture and resulted in cookies which were harder and less crispy. Also the intensity of sweet taste was sharply reduced by decreasing the fat content of cookie recipes. On the other hand, replacement of 50% of fat with inuline had a little impact on the intensity of buttery taste of the cookies. The lowest intensity of buttery taste was scored in cookies containing shortening with the lowest content of TFA. Concerning the overall sensory quality, the results showed that the replacement of 50% of fat with inuline resulted only in a moderate decrease in the acceptability of the overall sensory quality. The averaged scores of overall sensory quality were generally high and ranged from 7.1 to 9.1. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that inuline was suitable for inclusion in cookies, as a fat replacer and as a functional ingredient.
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