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1

Admixture promotes genetic variation in bottlenecked moose populations in eastern Poland

100%
Swislocka M., Czajkowska M., Duda N., Ratkiewicz M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2015
|
tom 60
|
nr 2
Human activity has led to severe bottlenecks in many wildlife species in the recent past. This usually increases the strength of genetic drift, leading to loss of genetic variation. Gene flow may however counteract the genetic consequences of small population size. Using 11 of 38 tested microsatellite loci and five moose populations in eastern Poland, we investigated the effects of two phenomena: bottlenecks that occurred in the nineteenth century and the first half of twentieth century, and admixture after moose populations expanded demographically and spatially in eastern Poland after the Second World War. The statistical tests indicated a recent bottleneck in all the studied samples with respect to H E and low Garza–Williamson index values. The Biebrza population, which consists of autochthonous moose representing a branch of the Central Europe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade and immigrants belonging to the Ural clade, is one of the most variable populations of this species. AMOVA, PCA, and STRUCTURE analyses all revealed significant population structuring, with most probable existence of K = 2 genetically distinct clusters that exhibited a relatively high level of admixture. Analysis of recent dispersal rates demonstrated that population from the Biebrza Valley may supply individuals to the other four studied moose populations. We also found female-biased sex ratio in nonharvested moose populations inhabiting eastern Poland.
2
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ISSR analysis points to relict character of Aconitum bucovinense Zapal. (Ranunculaceae) at the range margin

80%
Boron P., Zalewska-Galosz J., Sutkowska A., Zemanek B., Mitka J.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2011
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tom 80
|
nr 4
Aconitum bucovinense, a high-mountain species endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, including the Apuseni Mountains, is legally protected and classified in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. It attains its NW geographical range in two peripheral populations in the Western Bieszczady Mountains (Polish Eastern Carpathians), isolated by a distance of 13.1 km. PCR-ISSR analysis has been used to elucidate the within- and among-populational levels of species genetic diversity. A UPGMA and block clustering showed discreteness of the populations and subpopulations based on ISSR banding pattern. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant divergence (P = 0.024) of the two marginal populations and highly significant (P < 0.001) differentiation of subpopulations within populations. The theta index calculated for the two marginal populations and the core population in the Carpathians was 0.131 ±0.030 S.D. Most of the population-genetic diversity indices of the mar­ginal populations were not different from those in the core area but the Shannon’s and rarity indices were lower in the marginal populations. It seems that founder effect and subsequent genetic bottleneck resulted in a fine-scale population genetic structure. The marginal populations under study need a relevant recovery program to maintain their genetic diversity.
3
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Soil environment of Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill. at selected sites in the Polish lowland

80%
Grzyl A., Niewiadomski A., Woziwoda B.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2013
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tom 82
|
nr 4
The paper presents soil conditions of Pulsatilla vernalis in the Polish lowland. There were determined species preferences in relation to physical and chemical properties, grain size composition and the type of soil. It has been found that P. vernalis prefers very poor sandy, acid, dry and permeable soils, with small water capacity. The range of habitat parameters at the lowland sites differs, however, from the conditions at the mountain sites. Due to specific habitats of the species, new ecological indicator values were proposed for the lowland sites of P. vernalis. The results of soil analysis presented in this paper, as well as other data related to biology of the species, should be accounted for in the active protection plan, including the processes of reintroduction and introduction of the species.
4
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Genetic variation of the relict and endangered population of Chamaedaphne calyculata (Ericaceae) in Poland

80%
Szczecinska M., Sawicki J., Wasowicz K., Holdynski C.
Dendrobiology
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2009
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tom 62
23-33
Chamaedaphne calyculata is rare and endangerded species of Polish flora. The genetic variation within and among ten polish population of leatherleaf was analysed by ISSR and ISJ markers. The analysis revealed a total of 160loci with an average of 13.3 bands per primer. We expected a low level of genetic diversity of this narrowly distributed species in Poland, but our results indicate that Ch. calyculata revealed a high level of genetic diversity at species level (P=88.7%of polymorphic loci, AE=1.468, HE=0.290). At the population level, the variation of Ch. calyculata was significantly lower (P=27.6%, AE=1.140, HE=0.098). There was significant correlation between ecological properties (population size; number of flowering ramets) and genetic diversity parameters. Analysis of molecular variance showed that most of variation (62%) in Ch. calyculata occurred among population. Gene flow (Nm) between the ten studied populations, determined based on the GST index, was very low at 0.239. It indicated that the fragmentation and isolation of populations might result from specific evolutionary history of this plant and postglacial recolonization
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