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Since the commencement of political system transformations in Poland the number of farms keeping cows and the stock of milk cows has been decreasing very fast. A basic factor behind the regional diversity of the process is the scale of agrarian fragmentation and the size of farms. This hypothesis was verified by analyzing changes affecting cows bred in a sector of farms operated by natural persons (private farms) in the entire country and in two regions where private farms predominated. The first region is the south-eastern region characterized by a very unfavorable acreage structure of farms while the other one is the central and eastern region where the structure of farms is relatively favorable. Research results clearly indicate that, due to increasing market competition, cow breeding is concentrated and has been moving to higher and higher acreage groups. As a result, strong stock regress has been observed in the region with fragmented agriculture and such trend has been on the increase. However, in the area characterized by the favorable farm structure such regress which marked the commencement of the political system transformations was relatively quickly slowed down; already in the period preceding Poland’s accession to the UE the stock quantity and quality growth emerged which can also be seen during the post-accession era.
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Subject and purpose of work: The objective of the thesis was to present the differentiation of sheep production represented in the sheep population in Poland and to determine directions of changes in the sheep population in Poland. Disparities in the regional differentiation of sheep production and their causes were also shown. Materials and methods: The spatial range of research covered 16 provinces, while the time range covered the year 2015. Sources of the materials were: domestic and foreign literature as well as data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS in Polish). Data analysis and presentations were based on descriptive, tabular, graphical and indicatory methods, as well as the Pearson linear correlation coefficient. Results: The conducted research shows the presence of disparities between provinces, because there are provinces with large populations and stocking density of these animals but there also exist territorial units with a very small number of sheep. There was also a large decrease in the number of sheep found in most provinces. Conclusions: The existence of a significant link between the share of pastures in AL (agricultural land) and the sheep population in provinces was confirmed. Correlation occurred only in the case of this parameter. The conducted research should be treated as a pilot study.
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