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The experiment was carried out on 936 slow-growing chickens from the crossbreed of Cobb cock with Greenleg Partridge hen. Chicks were randomly divided into two groups: controlled group (BW) with no access to the field and experimental group (W) with access to grass fields since their fourth week of life. In blood serum overall cholesterol, lipoproteins with high density (HDL), triacylglycerols (TG) level was marked. The concentration of lipoproteins with low density was calculated while using the Friedewald et al. formula (1972). No statistically significant influence of sex and system of breeding on cholesterol and its fractions level in blood serum of crossbreed chickens was observed.
In this study, we analyzed the effect of rearing system of ducks on the quantitative and qualitative composition of their gut microfl ora. 180 ducks and 180 drakes of Pekin 44 and Muscovy MR71 lines were kept in the intensive system on litter; the same number of birds was kept in the semi-intensive system. In the latter, starting from the 3rd week of life the birds were allowed to use free ranges. After slaughter of 15 ducks and 15 drakes from each group, their intestinal digesta was subjected to microbiological analysis. The possibility of using the free ranges had a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microfl ora of these birds. The count of aerobic mesophilic heterotrophs in the intestinal digesta of ducks was higher in the case of birds kept in the semi-intensive system. More benefi cial results were achieved in the case of Muscovy ducks considering mainly the coli/lacto ratio which was the lowest (0.08) in this group for both sexes kept on free range. Noteworthy is also that no pathogenic bacteria of the genera: Salmonella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli were found in any of the analyzed samples.
The paper presents some current problems related to pig nutrition at the intensive and organic rearing systems. Issues shared by both sectors of the pig management as well as specific organic feeding regimes are discussed. A growing concern in nutrient balance has been emphasized, especially protein digested in the caudal segment of the small intestine. Besides, the problems of animal welfare in both management systems were addressed along with the ban on growth promoter application (hormones and antibiotics) that appear to be redundant or even hazardous for human health.
The experiment was conducted on 930 slow-growing chickens from the crossing of a Cobb male and Greenleg Partridge female. The chicks were randomly assigned to two groups: control (BW) which did not have access to a free run and the experimental group (W) using the grassy runs from 4 weeks of age. The experiment showed a statistical effect of sex on breast (P < 0.01) and leg (P < 0.05) muscle fiber diameter in CobbxZk hybrid roosters. There were no significant gender-dependent differences in the surface area of the muscles tested. No effect was either reported of the rearing system on the histological picture of breast and leg muscles.
The effect of different housing systems was evaluated on productive performances and carcass and meat quality of a “local grey” population of rabbits (G). To compare data obtained from G,commercial hybrid rabbits (H) were reared and fed under standard practice. Rabbits were reared as follows: 96 G in outdoor colony cages (O) and fed organic feed based on pelleted feed (oP) and alfalfa hay (H) - group GOoPH; 80 G in conventional indoor colony cages (I) and fed the same organic diet (GoPH) - group GIoPH; 96 G in I and fed conventional pelleted diet (cP) - group GIcP;88 H in I and fed conventional pelleted diet (cP) - group HIcP. Fifteen rabbits of each group were slaughtered at live weight of 2500 g (100 days of age for G and 87 days of age for H), carcass and meat quality parameters were assessed. HIcP showed the highest average daily gain (33.5 g/day;P<0.05) and GOoPH the poorest total feed conversion (5.6; P<0.05). G showed the highest slaughter yield (P<0.05). GOoPH showed higher loin proportion and the lowest LL pH at 45 min post mortem(P<0.05). HIcP produced LL and BF meat with the less intense colour and rich in ash. LL meat of GOoPH was the richest in protein. GOoPH and GIoPH LL meat showed higher amount of C14:0 and 18:1 n-9. GOoPH showed the lowest value of 18:2 n-6, and HIcP showed the highest value of 20:4 n-6 and the lowest amount of 16:1 n-7. The G yielded meat with higher nutritive value, and the best results were obtained when animals received both pellets and hay and were reared outdoor.
Influence of Housing System on Selected Quality Characteristics of Duck Meat. Chapter 2. Muscovy duck. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of housing system on the selected quality characteristic of breast muscles of Muscovy (MR71) ducks. The ducks were divided into four experimental groups according to their sex and housing system: intensive system (IS) and outdoor system (OS). Analysis was performed for a total of 48 breast muscle (12 in each experimental group: 2 x gender; 2 x rearing system). For test samples of meat there were determined: chemical composition, physicochemical properties and the sensory attributes of the breast muscles.There was no effect of housing system on the proximate composition of breast muscles of both MR71 ducks. Rearing system of ducks MR71 had significant (P<0.05) effect on cooking loss. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that meat of MR71 ducks from free range system is better perceived by the consumers than the meat of MR71 ducks from the intensive system, mainly for its greater tenderness and flavor.
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