Dog and cat bites form a relatively large group of injuries, often requiring medical attention. Dogs are responsible for about 80-90% and cats for 3-15% of animal-bite wounds which may result in various skin, deep tissue and inner organ infections. Although pathogens causing wound infections may originate from the skin of the victim or the environment, most of them are transmitted from the animal’s mouth. Pasteurella-species, predominantly P. multocida and P. canis, are isolated from 50-75% of cat bites and 20-50% of dog bites, making these bacteria the most common pathogens in such wound infections. Streptococci, staphylococci, Moraxella, and Neisseria are also common aerobic isolates, and Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas and Prevotella are common anaerobic isolates. Some bacteria, such as Bergeyella zoohelcum and Capnocytophaga canimorsus may cause severe, often life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Data obtained from literature suggest that empirical therapy for dog and cat bites should be directed against pasteurella, streptococci, staphylococci, and anaerobes and should include β-lactam antibiotics and a β-lactamase inhibitor or a second-generation cephalosporin. The latest chemotherapeutics, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, carbapenems as well as ketolide antibiotics display in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic isolates from bite wounds and thus may also be useful.
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