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The objective of the reported study was a trial of selecting factors that differentiate and, simultaneously, determine a sports level of women specializing in race walking. The study covered 35 one-year training macrocycles. The material collected was divided into three blocks. The study was conducted with the method of recording, gathering and analysis of training loads worked out at the Department of the Theory of Sports, Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. Use was also made of the classification of training means groups for the event of race walking elaborated by Krzysztof Perkowski, with own modification. Differences in training loads between three groups of sportswomen were evaluated with the use of a one-way analysis of variance (a parametric test ANOVA), and the Kruskal-Wallis test (a non-parametric test). Once the result was significant (p<0.05), the differences between groups were evaluated with the Tukey (RIR) test (for parametric tests) or with the multiple comparison test (for the Kruskal-Wallis test). Loads that significantly differentiated the training of sportswomen at various levels of advancement turned out to be efforts realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (T₄), directed loads (D) as well as versatile loads realized in the fourth area of intensity (V₄). The achievement of high scores is facilitated by reduction of those loads and by increasing the special loads realized in the fourth area of energetic transformations (S₃), the effect of which appeared to be statistically significant. Another factor differentiating the levels of sports advancement turned out be the special loads realized in the fifth area of intensity (S₅).
Our Department of General Microbiology created a wide collection of P. penneri isolates and classified most of them into 19 different O-serogroups. This work describes the classification of 12 remaining P. penneri strains. The lipopolysaccharides extracted from P. penneri strains were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with selected O-antisera against Proteus sp. strains. Homologous and cross-reacting systems were checked in: passive immunohemolysis (PIH), inhibition of ELISA and PIH and Western blot procedure. These studies led to the qualification of tested P. penneri strains to five Proteus sp. O-serogroups, thus completing the serological classification of the whole collection.
Badania dotyczyły postaw i oczekiwań rolników indywidualnych w województwie mazowieckim po wejściu Polski do UE. W pracy przedstawiono poziom wykształcenia oraz sposoby podnoszenia kwalifikacji przez rolników. Ukazano również bariery na jakie napotykają rolnicy w tworzeniu grup producenckich. Zaprezentowano także opinie rolników na temat integracji z Unią Europejską. Objęci badaniem producenci rolni wskazali również główne kierunki wydatkowania pieniędzy pochodzących z dopłat bezpośrednich. Badania umożliwiły wskazanie instytucji pomocnych producentom rolnym w złożeniu wniosku o dopłatę bezpośrednią.
As an effect of active policy concerning the conservation of genetic resources, about 1500 genebanks have been developed all over the world until the year 2006. There are more than 6.5 million accessions conserved. Thirty percent of these accessions are stored in 15 biggest national genebanks, including National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources PBAI at Radzików, Poland. There are about 66 thousand accessions in the long-term storage in the NCPGR. About 90% of world genetic resources consist of the collections of traditional seeds, which tolerate the desiccation and may be stored in low temperatures. For storage of traditional seeds in genebanks, high level of technical standards is required, as published by IPGRI, Rome. Actually recommended standards and changes proposed within the framework of an European Genebank Integrated System, are discussed. Experience gained from long-term storage of traditional seeds in genebanks showed that rigid requirements concerning seed moisture content and storage temperature increase the longevity of stored seeds. In such a situation both, seed viability testing and accessions regeneration are necessary to be carried out much less frequently. That suggests a new approch to the genebank standards consisting in an improvement of control process and implementation of the quality management systems. There also exists a necessity of close cooperation at elaborating new common standards for the European genebanks, as well as the research works dealing with the methods of seeds storage and testing their viability for different crops.
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