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Subject and purpose of work: This article aims to identify the spatial diversity of Polish municipal services companies operating pursuant to the Commercial Companies Code. Materials and methods: The data from the database Structural changes of national economy entities in the REGON register was used. To evaluate the spatial diversity in the occurrence of municipal services companies, this article employed an indicator of the number of municipal capital companies per commune. Results: Although there is a clear spatial diversity among municipal services companies, their number in Poland increased significantly during the period 2005-2015. The majority of these companies operate in the most industrialised and urbanised regions. Conclusions: The form of a capital company in the municipal economy sector is the most suitable for a large scale of conducted operations. A small scale of operations, characteristic mainly of rural communes, predisposes them for applying the form of a budgetary establishment.
Wagners’s Law applies to increasing public expenditure borne by the central government and local governments. In this article the notion of local self-government spending is explained along with its role in satisfying local communities’ needs. The study involves a discussion of budget expenditures borne by local communes (municipalities, gminas) and cities with county rights and details the expenditures of the capitals of provinces (voivodships) in Poland. A hypothesis is put forward that in the years 1995-2011 the aforementioned governments allocated continuously increasing expenditures to satisfy public needs. Moreover, the aim of the article is to analyze the level and dynamics of budget expenditures of gminas and cities with county rights in the years 1995-2011. For these years, particular types of expenditures per capita shall be analyzed along with those borne by the voivodship capitals and their share in the general expenditure of the discussed administrative units.
Article deals with the problem of rural development from the perspective of service provision with an emphasis on core/basic services. It identifies roles of sectors in service delivery and conceptualizes devolution of responsibilities between them. Based on identifi ed roles and responsibilties, article presents different forms of partnerships between sectors. Discussion leads to construction of typology table for services according to activity type, consumer contact, service market, profit orientation of a partner, service urgency and contract arrangements. The use of the table is demonstrated by practical examples of selected services.
This article links to an earlier one published in Intercathedra Volume no. 27-4/2011 which dealt with a rather peculiar crisis of leadership that manifested itself during the recent global financial crisis, by presenting it the context of major theoretical concepts of regional development. In that context the authors had analysed the role of regional leadership in overcoming economic growth barriers. In this article the point of departure is accepting the crucial role of leadership – both in terms of regions (or sub-regions) as well as sectors/branches of economy - in stimulating economic growth and overcoming outcomes of the crisis. It is at the same time a new challenge for those research which are open for using a set of mesoeconomic tools, being at the same time open for experience of other disciplines, including psychology of management and social psychology.
There is no human activity, which could be free of any valuing (axiological) implications – both on the level of cause and effect. Every activity, individual or collective, private or concerning public sector, entails specific consequences: therefore every situation is an ethical situation. Also, participants of every situation enter that situation being more or less aware, and bring with them certain set of values. Therefore, the question concerning the ethical code of forester's profession (employee of a forestry company) seems to be legitimate.
W artykule omówiono ogólne kierunki przekształceń własnościowych w rolnictwie wynikąjące z dotychczasowych unormowań prawnych oraz formy i zakres tych przekształceń w odniesieniu do regionu północno-wschodniego w okresie do 1992 r. Podjęto także próbę oceny ważniejszych skutków społeczno-ekonomicznych związanych z tymi przekształceniami na omawianym obszarze kraju.
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