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The article describes techniques for ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis in bitches and indicates its advantages compared to other methods such as palpation, radiography or laboratory examination. The authors draw attention to new aspects of pregnancy diagnosis, including monitoring of embryonic and fetal development from fertilization until parturition. The usefulness of ultrasonographic examination of pregnancy disorders such as embryonic death, abortion, placenta and uterus dysfunctions as well as pathology in embryo and fetal growth has been stressed. New applications of ultrasonography such as the prediction of the parturition date based on the measurement of the itrachorionic cavity or biparietal diameter, the determination of litter size and the evaluation of morphological-behavioral fetal development have also been described. Moreover, the importance of ultrasonographic examination of pregnant bitches for the improvement of obstetrics and neonatology in small animal practice has been indicated.
Introduction. Obesity is an increasing global health problem affecting 20-35% of women of reproductive age. During pregnancy obesity is considered as a high-risk factor associated with many complications. Objective. To analyze pregnancy outcomes and trial of labour in population of obese women. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing 270 women with estimated pregravid body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30 kg/m² (analyzed group) and 270 women with estimated pregravid BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2 (control group). Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test. Values p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. Mean pregnancy weight gain was statistically lower among obesewomen as compared with normal- weight women (12.6 kg vs 16.4 kg, p = 0.0009). Among women from analyzed group significant increase in the percentage of pregnancy induced hypertension (25.2% vs 7.4%, p < 0.0001), preeclampsia (5.6% vs 2.2%, p = 0.04), gestational diabetes (9.3% vs 3.0%, p = 0.002), preterm deliveries (7.8% vs 3.7%, p = 0.04) and deliveries of infants weighing > 4500 g (9.6% vs 3.7%, p < 0.006) was noted. Obese womenin comparison with normal- weight women were at greater risk of cesarean section (41.9% vs 26.3%, p = 0.0001) and postoperative wound infection (11.5% vs 2.8%, p < 0.04). Newborns of patients from analyzed group statistically more often sustained injuries after vaginal delivery as compared with newborns of patients from control group (10.2% vs 4.0%, p < 0.03). No significant intergroup differences occurred concerning time of labour stages, incidence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and use of vacuum extractor. Indications for cesarean section, percentage of newborns weighing < 2500 g and percentage of newborns with low Apgars coreswere similar in both groups. Conclusions. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with numerous complications for both mothers and newborns. Pregravid body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m² should be considered as an important prognostic factor of pathologic pregnancy and trial of labour.
New Zealand white rabbits were given cypermethrin by gastric intubation at the rate of 0, 300, 600 and 1000 mg per 1 kg on the 4th, 10th, 13th and 18th day of their pregnancies. The fetuses were aborted on day 28. AH 166 fetuses were examined for external, internal and skeletal malformations or variations. There was no evidence of teratogenic action of cypermethrin in the rabbits; however, embryotoxic effects were detected. The results may have some value for prenatal toxicology of other mammal species and humans poisoned by cypermethrin, and of some benefit for the ecotoxicology of hares in the area where this pesticide is applied as a plant protection agent.
Pregnant gilts (in the first month of pregnancy) were infected intranasally with SIV H1N2. Clinical signs, presence of SIV RNA in nasal swabs, haemagglutination titer, hematological parameters, concentrations of interleukin (IL-10, IFNγ) and acute phase proteins (APP) (CRP, Hp), as well as production parameters, were evaluated. The concentrations of APP and cytokines were analyzed with the use of ELISA assays. Antibodies against SIV were detected with the haemagglutination inhibition assay, and the presence of RNA with RT-PCR. No clinical sings typical of swine influenza were found in the infected gilts. The gilts did not show any signs of pregnancy pathology, and no abortions were observed. No significant differences were found between the infected and control gilts with regard to the number of piglets born, hematological parameters, or the concentrations of APP and cytokines. The presence of specific antibodies against SIV was confirmed in the infected gilts starting from 14 dpi. The presence of SIV RNA in nasal swabs collected from the gilts was confirmed within 4 dpi. No SIV RNA were found in samples taken from newborn piglets.
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