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This paper presents the main trends in rural development in Ukraine. Attention is particularly paid to the agriculture as the main economic activity in rural areas. The authors of this paper also analyze the characteristics of distribution of agricultural land, the structure of agricultural production, as well as the structure of total household resources. The main demographic trends are shown concerning the rural population, their ethnicities, religious background. Their mentality and way of thinking is also revealed.
The paper presents the current state of the law as regards the production of energy from renewable energy sources in Poland. In this light, development conditions of a relatively new industry, i.e. solid biofuel production, are presented. Organizational conditions (availability and supply of raw material) and legal regulations were the basis for the assessment of the chances of successful implementation of a new, innovative product. Bearing the above in mind, the idea of a new type of solid biofuel, which is to be produced by EcoPowerPlant Company, is described.
The analyses of the trends of the development of social rented housing in the western European countries indicated that the share of flats in that sector depends on the general housing situation and the level of economy in the country. Based on such analyses, surveys were conducted in Poland among university students. The research concerned, among others, housing aspirations on the part of young people. The research results indicated that young people associate their residential future with owned flats.
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The aim of this paper was to analyse and compare states of Norwegian and Polish dairy markets in last years, as well examine their prospects. The study was based on FAO, Statistics Norway, Central Statistical Office of Poland, MarketLine industries profile data for period 2009-2014 and it included following issues: market data of volume and value, its forecast, category and geographic segmentation, market shares and distribution channels. There also reviewed profiles of leading companies, as well was analysed Porter’s five forces driving of those markets. Norwegian market is smaller than Polish seven times in terms of volume and with but only twice smaller in terms of value. Norwegian dairy market is oligopolistic while Polish is highly competitive.
Prospects of economical use of Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves in Kirov region. Significant variability of spatial resource inner-habitat parameters defines the necessity of data collection and field research in various geographical conditions in different administrative districts. Such a holistic method applied to cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) allows to work out complex measures for stable use of resources in regional conditions. Considering significant population density of the studied region and accessibility of cowberry beds, high level of arbutin content which meets the requirements of the State Pharmacopeia, V. vitis- -idaea leaves are a prospective medicinal raw material for collection.
The data of individual sector on environmental science is compiled in information technology (IT) through database software known as Environment Information (EI). Environment information is an easy accessible database in individual sector, where people can know both new research scope and impact on environment. The present study deals to inform that EI is an area, in which the knowledge of environmental science and IT is combined through database software. In this paper, individual research area, data format and beneficial aspects on environmental science is tabulated for EI. There are several research areas in which the data viz. ecology and ecosystem, biodiversity and conservation of important species, health hazards by diseases, health care facilities, toxicological aspects, wastes types, source generation and management, alternative energy generation facilities, environment education and awareness etc. It is a conceptual approach to gather knowledge of environment related problems and prospects and can easily make a database for the intellectuals, academicians, scientists, regulatory authorities, policy makers, researchers, students etc. These help to know benefits in research area, regulatory process, decision making and proper environment management. People can easily access compiled database in an individual sector of environment science.
Humans have developed strong emotional connections with horses throughout the centuries, and horses continue to occupy a special place among other livestock animals. For this reason, horses are reared industrially for slaughter only in some countries. Horse meat is characterized by a high content of protein of high biological value and low levels of fat with a desirable fatty acid profile. Aged horse meat has a long shelf life, and it is an attractive food and raw material for further processing. The high demand for high quality raw horse meat creates new opportunities for breeders, and it could become an alternative or supplementary source of income for traditional livestock farms.
The results of milk processing branch in Lviv region of Ukraine under conditions of market and competitiveness are presented. The role of region’s milk processing branch as well as the milk processing enterprises quantity dynamic and milk and dairy products production and consumption dynamic in region and its factors are shown. The regional products and producers milk and dairy products market structure as well as exportingimporting and innovative activity in milk processing branch are analyzed. The structure of milk processing enterprises raw materials base and possible perspective of regional milk processing branch are given.
Registration of the only preparation based on a microorganism for biological control of forest tree root diseases expires on December 31, 2010. The biopreparation, named PG (from the biological control agent Phlebiopsis gigantea), is a result of a long and successful story of biological control in forestry. Almost 30 years ago State Forest Authority in Poland implemented the biopreparation for an obligatory treatment of Scots pine stumps on postagricultural lands. Up to now over 40 millions of stumps were treated in the State Forest, on 30 000 ha per year, on average. Research work on biological control of tree seedlings damping-off, though extensive and promising, have not resulted in registration of a biopreparation for use in Poland. The only biopreparation left is now a biopreparation for mycorrhiza inoculation of tree seedlings, which controls also root diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. It was implemented in 1998 by State Forest Authority management. The preparation is based on a mycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme. Every year ca 15 millions seedlings are treated.
Family farming is not only a business, but also a lifestyle where insistence on independency, decision-making and rural area is strong. Therefore, focusing on this issue has prior importance in context of rural development and agriculture. During the research the main question was how farmers from Karcag considered family farming situation. What do they think the greatest advantages and disadvantages of a family farm are? What does their effectiveness depend on? How much is it worth working in family farming? How attractive is this form of business to the young? Under what conditions may family farming provide secure future prospects? On this basis family farming had become an approved form of business. Type of activity and scale of production have significant impacts on the efficiency in farming. The current grant system may not be sufficient to the stabilization and development of family farms; therefore, family farming under the current agricultural policy is not too enticing to the young.
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Leśne kompleksy promocyjne (LKP) zajmują obszar stanowiący około 17 % całkowitej powierzchni Lasów Państwowych (LP). Tworzenie kolejnych LKP potwierdza sprawdzalność przyjętej koncepcji pilotażowych obszarów wdrażania proekologicznej polityki leśnej państwa. Niemniej wydaje się, że aktualnie funkcjonujące 25 LKP na obszarze 1,268 mln. hektarów wypełnia reprezentatywność zmienności lasów i gospodarki leśnej w LP. Obecnie należy raczej dążyć do podniesienia efektywności realizacji zadań ustanowionych dla LKP. Powinny one służyć inicjowaniu badań interdyscyplinarnych i innowacyjnych mających później utylitarne wykorzystanie w LP. Nie do przecenienia jest ich pierwszoplanowa rola w długofalowej edukacji społeczeństwa. Wypełniają zadanie integrowania celów trwałej gospodarki leśnej i aktywnej ochrony przyrody. Do realizacji powyższych celów konieczna jest współpraca dyrektorów PGL LP, prezydium rad naukowo-społecznych LKP oraz kolegiów dziekańskich Wydziałów Leśnych, dyrektorów instytutów badawczych i instytucji związanych z ochroną przyrody.
The area of hop-plant cultivation amounts to 1 830 ha in Ukraine. The State programme „Hop-plant of Ukraine – 2006–2010” assumes an annual increase of hop-plant fields cultivation a 350–500 ha fall and increase of the quality of hop-plant production. In the vegetative period hop-plant crops are damaged by lot of pests, weeds and diseases. To protect cultivars against pests is necessary to carry out 6 treatments against pests, 8 against diseases and 4 against weeds, annually. The chemical method of pests, diseases and weeds control was recongnized as the best one for hop-plant protection, although studies on biological agents treatment showed their high efficacy and safety both for plants and people. The most effectiveness micro-bio-agents for hop-plants protection are: Bitobaksibacillin, Lepidocid, Boverin, Nematofagin. Protection against diseases such as: fuzarioza and root rot, can be ensured by such agents as: Trichodermin, Planriz.
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