Growth hormone (GH) acts as a stimulant in anabolic processes. Animal breeders and scientists are mostly interested in its role in milk and meat production. The function of the growth hormone in human and animal reproduction has recently become an area of great interest in modern research. As has already been shown, GH plays an important role in the process of gametogenesis in females and males, by stimulating gamete production and maturation as well as embryo development. The mechanisms of GH activity are still unknown. The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has shown to be the main GH mediator. GH therapy causes a considerable increase in sperm cell concentration, their motility and IGF-I content in blood. Moreover, tests have demonstrated an association between IGF-I concentration in seminal plasma and the rate of morphologically normal spermatozoa as well as cell concentration. GH and IGF-I action on sperm cells has been proven by discovering active receptors in porcine testis and in bovine spermatozoa cells.
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