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The material were raw or defrosted strawberries of Senga Sengana variety with the diameter of 26-30 mm. Fruits were dried for 16 hours at the temperature of 60°C under constant or variable conditions considering level of pressure. Pressure during the drying process was on a fixed level of: 5, 10 and 15 kPa or a change of pressure was introduced among extreme values. Shrinkage of strawberries was examined with the use of two methods: the volumetric method and measurement of linear dimensions in horizontal and vertical space. Shrinkage obtained under the fixed pressure level was greater for higher values in the drying chamber. Horizontal linear shrinkage of dried fruit was always lower than vertical linear shrinkage. For dried strawberries volumetric shrinkage obtained for defrosted fruits after vacuum drying under variable pressures did not reveal clear differences between respective values of shrinkage. The lowest level of pressure (5 kPa), applied in any phase of vacuum drying under variable pressure, caused a shrinkage decrease in comparison to drying shrinkage after processes under other fixed pressure.
In the present study soil-water coefficients ksi were determined and evaluation of the influence of soil sucking pressure on the actual yield was carried out. Relations between these coefficients and soil sucking pressure in the root zone are used for the calculation of actual evapotranspiration or actual yield neglecting evaluation of the influence of evapotranspiration on yield.
The aim of this work was to examine the influence of drying parameters on temperature changes during vacuum drying of defrosted and osmotically dehydrated strawberries. This work presents curves of temperature above fruits, temperature of fruits’ surfaces and internal temperature of strawberries’ flesh during 8 h of drying. The increase of the setting temperature of drying from 40 to 60°C was observed to affect the samples’ surface and the internal temperature (to a greater extent in the case of defrosted strawberries than osmotically dehydrated strawberries) and the temperature above fruits (to the same degree in the case of defrosted strawberries and osmotically dehydrated strawberries). Furthermore, the pressure decrease from 20 to 4 kPa had an influence on the declining samples’ surface and internal temperature as well as on the temperature above fruits (to a greater extent in the case of defrosted strawberries than in the case of osmotically dehydrated strawberries). During vacuum drying, the temperatures of fruits’ surface or tissue and above fruits were lower in the case of defrosted strawberries than in the case of osmotically dehydrated strawberries.
An increase in hydrostatic pressure in the endolymphatic system causes hydrops-related inner ear diseases such as Meniere's disease or low tone sensorineural hearing loss. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pressure exerted on potassium currents in acutely isolated inner hair cells of the guinea-pig cochlea using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. By applying negative or positive pressure via the patch pipette using a syringe, intracellular hydropressure was changed between -40 cm H2O to +20 cm H2O. Negative pressure potentiated the amplitude of potassium currents, whereas positive pressure suppressed the amplitude of potassium currents. Gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-activated cation channels, did not influence pressure-dependent changes in potassium currents; however, cinnarizine blocked pressure-dependent changes in potassium currents. The current changes were not dependent on the sign of the pressure change, that is, similar increases in negative pressures (between -10 cm H2O and -40 cm H2O) and similar decreases in positive pressures (between +10 cm H2O and +20 cm H2O) were observed.
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