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Sodium salts of ethyl N,N-dimethyl- and N,N-dimethylamidophosphoric acids I and II were obtained and their hydrolysis to respective acids was investigated. The salts and acids were characterized by spectral methods (MS, FT/IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR).
The paper presents basic information on the preparation of environmental samples for trace analysis. Sample preparation is of utmost importance for the quality of analytical results and their usefulness for decision making in the area of environmental protection and management. The type and number of operations required for a given procedure is determined by the available information about the sample and the goal of the analytical determination (speciation analysis, determination of total parameters or elemental composition, etc.)
Schizophrenia manifests itself primarily with positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive disorders. Animal models of mental diseases seem to be an important tool in understanding key theories related with pathophysiology of the disorder and are used to assess efficacy of new drugs. References describe four basic groups of animal models of schizophrenia, such as: models created by pharmacological intervention, genetic models, lesion models and models of developmental disorders of primary brain structures. Of the models referred to above, the group of developmental disorder models is particularly noteworthy, as they are primarily easy to use, and the methods are highly sensitive. High scientific value of these models is associated with the neurodevelopmental theory which stipulates that at an early stage of body development, a number of interactions between genetic and environmental factors may affect the development of neurons which may cause disorders of brain cytoarchitecture development.We review six developmental models of schizophrenia in rats (MAM - methylooxymethanol acetate, prenatal stress, maternal deprivation, isolation rearing, prenatal immune challenge and maternal malnutrition) that are all validated by disruption in PPI.
У статті розкрито особливості фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності майбутніх учителів фізичної культури в аспекті їх фахової підготовки. Висвітлено діяльність учителя фізичної культури, яка має свої особливості, оскільки відбувається у незвичайних умовах, порівняно з діяльністю інших учителів. Виокремлено загальні особливості цієї діяльності (високі вимоги до професіоналізму і до особистості вчителя; високу ступінь відповідальності за фізичне і психологічне благополуччя його підопічних, уміння спілкуватися зі своїми вихованцями; підвищена стресогенність діяльності вчителя фізичної культури; необмежений обсяг навчально-тренувальної роботи, нерегламентований характер його діяльності; агітаційні здібності для підбору учнів у групу; гарна спортивна форма; специфіка роботи вчителя фізичної культури, організатора фізкультурно-спортивної діяльності) та часткові особливості (навчально-тренувальна спрямованість його діяльності, його фізкультурно-спортивна спеціалізація, оскільки успішність роботи оцінюється, як правило, спортивними досягненнями його учнів; помірно виражена оздоровча, здоров’язбережувальна, еколого-просвітницька, цивільно-патріотична та культурно-масова спрямованість діяльності; ставлення до фізичної культури і спорту та до нього особисто учнів загальноосвітньої школи). Доведено, що формування педагога є складним процесом, у ході якого особистісні структури зазнають значних змін, пов’язаних зі становленням здатності до рефлексії, співпраці, дисциплінованості.
Moisture, ash and sum of hypericin compounds in herb and seeds of St. John’s wort were determined. Moreover were estimated and compared the content of sum of hypericin compound in gallenic and pharmaceutical preparations with producer’s requirements. The content of sum of hypericin compounds in Hyperici herba and Hyperici semen amounted to 68.67 mg% and 9.19 mg%, respectively. Hypericin content in liquid alcoholic preparations ranged from 0.3 mg% for Succus Hyperici up to 2.17 mg% for Psychotonisol. For solid preparations produced in capsules form, content of sum of hypericin compounds amounted to 0.18 mg/caps for Hyperplant and 1.19 mg/caps for Perhip.
The contribution deals with the preparation of the agrarian management for the entry into the European agrarian structures. On detail of the selected areas of managerial work it proves the expert's language and communicative preparation of the business management for the entry into the EU. In comparison with the managerial forms of the industrial EU countries it evaluates the level of managerial works and efficiency of the system of agrarian management. In the second part it explains the issues and arrangements how to improve the present state.
This reviev describes the methods of preparation of carbon and carbon-mineral adsorbents by carbonization of different organic materials. The methods of carbon preparation were subdivided into two groups: preparation of sorbents on a large industrial scale, and for laboratory (chromatographic and adsorption) purposes. It also demonstrates the specific properties of some carbon adsorbents as well as the possibilities of their utilization for the purposes of environmental protection (sorption of organic pollutants from water wastes) and for analytical purposes especially for gas (GC) and liquid (HPLC) chromatography. This article also shows some possibilities (e.g. consumed catalysts, sorbents used in food and paper industries, from removal of oil from waste waters, etc.) of preparing different, mainly carbon-mineral adsorbents.
It was shown in this study that isolated porcine coronary arteries (PCA) contracted by depolarization with high Ko or by histamine are dose-dependently relaxed by glutamic acid, aspartic acid, N-methyl-asparate (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Zn2+ was also shown to relax dose-dependently PCA contractions induced by 50 mM KCl with an ED50 value of about 1.5 mM and to inhibit dose-dependently histamine-induced contractions, shifting ED50 values from 6μM to 40 μM, not affecting however corresponding cumulative concentration-response (CCR) curves established for acetylcholine-induced contractions. Furthermore, since Zn2+ ions are co-localized in many glutamatergic synapses of the central nervous system, it has been postulated in analogy to glutamate neurotoxicity that perturbations of the synaptic zinc concentrations might be a triggering factor in several cerebral diseases, such as ischemic strokes and sustained seizures. Unfortunately, little is known so far about effects of glutamate and zinc ions on the vascular tone. Although the nature of the glutamatergic receptors occurring in the blood vessels investigated in this study remains unclear, the results suggest that glutamate and Zn2+ ions interact with voltage-gated as well with ligand-operated Ca-channels. An interesting aspect might be the putative role of glutamate and zinc as long-term toxic agents in the early steps of the pathomechanisms leading to degenerative vascular lesions.
Comparison of the results of rearing the suckling piglets, receiving different Fe preparations. The aim of the studies was determine the results of rearing the piglets which received three different preparations of iron (Fe) by injection. The sows, the progeny of which was covered with the observations, were at random assigned before parturition, to one from three experimental groups – E1, E2 and E3 (5 sows in each group). The rate of growth, feed utilization and health state of the piglets from birth until weaning (35 day of life) was controlled. The highest body weight of 5-week old piglets was recorded in group E3; the difference in relation to body weight of the piglets from group E1 and 2 was equal to 3.47% and 13.15%, respectively (p>0.05). The best equalization of body weight of 5-week old piglets was found in groups E3 and E1. The piglets from group E3 consumed the greatest quantity of fixed feed until weaning; in the mentioned group, the body weight gain in total was the highest one (8.44 kg/head). The mean daily gains of the piglets from group E3 were equal to 241 g and they were higher as compared to group E1 and E2 by 5.24% and 12.62%, respectively. Consumption of solid feed per gain of 1kg of body weight of the litter amounted in groups E1, E2 and E3 to 4.80, 3.49 and 4.65 kg, respectively. The mentioned index was low what indicates a good milk performance of the sows. All three employed preparations fulfilled their prophylactic function and prevented incidence of anaemia symptoms.
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