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Opracowanie stanowi przegląd wybranych problemów badawczych Instytutu Gospodarki Przestrzennej ART w Olsztynie, rozwiązywanych przez młodych nauczycieli akademickich. Skoncentrowano się głównie na zakresie badań, opisując go w całokształcie rozwoju obszarów wiejskich.
The objective of the study was the estimation of the influence of various natural factors like: relief, variability of agricultural soil usefulness etc. on plot size and distribution of farmland. Another goal was the estimation of optimum parameters of plot size and distribution. The investigations were carried on for more than ten years and they covered the following aspects: - family farms in Lublin province (50 farms). Investigations were carried out in the years 1979--1981 and 1997-1999. Based on the data the analysis of the influence of plot size and distribution and of the terrain relief on the farm economic performance was made; - 340 villages in Poland (located mainly in the uplands) for which the land consolidation was performed. The results were helpful to estimate the efficiency of land consolidation process; - the following communes: Wąwolnica, Mircze, Stężyca and Koronowo. During the study the range of the comprehensive land arrangement was established. For chosen villages located in those communes the optimum values of plot size and distribution parameters were determined; - 2123 communes in Poland, for which water erosion rate and the plot size and distribution pattern were estimated. A relationship between those two factors was established. Digital data were analysed using Statgraphic Plus computer software. The results allowed to draw the following conclusions: 1. About 20% of all family farms in Poland (including about 55% in the uplands) show a very bad plot size and distribution pattern. Those farms are in need of land consolidation. The total land consolidation requirement amounts to about 4.0 million ha. 2. It was found that there is a considerable influence of relife and water erosion intesity on farm size. 3. It was found that there is a considerable influence of woodlands other afforestations on the crop yield of adjacent farmland. This factor can even make the production in the border zone completely unprofitable. 4. The most important step in ihe land arrangement process, reducing the unfavourable influence of forests and relief, is conversion to another land use type. 5. The land consolidation process brought about (on the average) an increase of a single plot area (for about 100%), decrease in a number of plots per farm (for 50%) and decrease of plot-to-buildings distance (for 9 -28%). Costs of land consolidation tasks should pay off within 10 years or less farm profits should increase considerable (for 20-30%). 6. Despite considerable effects of conventional land consolidation, the optimum parameters of plot size and distribution arc to be obtained only through comprehensive land consolidation process. 7. The following optimum values of plot size and distribution pattern parameters were estab¬lished: - total area of a single family farm: 15-20 ha farmland, - average area of a single plot: 1 -5 ha (depending on natural conditions), - optimum plot length-to-width ratio: from 2-3:1 (for big plots) to 7-10:1 (because of major difficulties with crosswise-slope plot configuration), - average number of plots per farm: 3-4, - plot-to-buildings distance from 200-350 m (in a dispersed village) to 700-900 m (in a village with concentrated buildings), - the land repartition factor, calculated due to Moszczeński formula, should not exceed 15. 8. In the land arrangement process it is necessary to use all new technical instruments as digital spatial data storage and aeronautical photos. 9. For realization of the comprehensive spatial ground arrangement legal regulations and formal detailed instructions should be implemented first.
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