The aim of the investigations was to understand the effect of the application of selected herbicides on residues in grain of cereals (winter and spring wheat, barley, triticale and rye). Field experiments were carried out during a five-year-period (1998-2002) on arable field near Wrocław. Herbicides to control weeds in cereals (containing active ingredients as: 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, chlortoluron and isoproturon) were applied at the recommended dose (for winter crop postemergence in autumn and for spring crops postemergence in spring). Grain samples of all tested cereals were taken at the day of harvest. All samples were analysed (herbicide residues) using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection and gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with ECD detection. At the harvest time, in soil and seeds of winter rape samples residues of all herbicide active ingredients were detected. The level of residues was dependent on the kind, dosage and term of application of herbicide and weather conditions in individual vegetation seasons. Residues of all active ingredients of herbicides detected in grain of spring cereals varieties were higher than those in samples of winter cereal varieties. The residues of the active ingredient of herbicides determined in grain of cereals did not exceed acceptable amounts showed in EU standards.
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