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Biomass in Poland has the greatest technical potential of all domestic sources of renewable energy. Solid biomass from forestry, agriculture (energy crops and vegetable waste), food processing and biogas summary potential is estimate at 610 PJyear-1. Biomass in Poland has the best chance of development. The use of biomass as a fuel, especially in large combustion plants with a capacity of 50 MW, allows you to limit (in Poland, about 90 objects) of CO2 emissions in the national balance sheet. This is an important element of the CO2 reduction potential, while maintaining the desired level of electricity production.
Comparison of phytoplankton composition from selected sites in the lower Odra River was done to determine whether the effects of heated water are strongest, from the considered environmental factors. Samples of phytoplankton were collected in April, July and October 2009–2011 at five sites along the lower section of the Odra River. The most pronounced differences between the phytoplankton at the sites were revealed in the phytoplankton abundance and they were related to the time of water retention, the washing out of plankters from slack waters, and the predation by molluscs and zooplankton. The strongest correlations were found between the phytoplankton abundance, the content of inorganic nutrients and temperature. Taxonomic composition of phytoplankton at all sites in the same months was similar. Cooling water from the power plant seems to accelerate eutrophication in the discharge but has no significant impact on the phytoplankton composition downstream in the Odra River.
Changes in the below-ground system of ash dumps reclaimed by covering with turf were estimated using parameters and indices based on analysis of nematode communities. Higher trophic diversity, higher values of Maturity Index (MI), and higher complexity of foodweb structure were expected when reclamation proceeded. The study was carried out for three years in chronosequences of ash dumps. Two of the dumps were reclaimed shorter and were studied between the 2nd and 5th year of reclamation, the first one was reclaimed by covering with turf with mineral soil (S-M), the second one with turf with organogenic soil (S-O). The third ash dump reclaimed in longer time, covered with turf with organogenic soil was studied between the 8th–11th year of reclamation (L-O). Until the fourth year of reclamation S-O site provided better conditions for the development of nematodes than S-M site; trophic diversity and MI were higher in S-O site in comparison with S-M site. Later on most parameters and indices were similar in S-M and S-O site. Longer reclamation resulted in higher total abundance, higher abundance of bacterivores, plant feeders and omnivores, and also higher biomass of bacterivores and plant feeders. However, changes in the below-ground system of reclaimed ash dumps were very slow because even after 11 years of reclamation the ash dump had the features of a degraded environment.
The actions that can mitigate the adverse effects of various energy crises are continuous improvements in the efficiency of power generation plants. This can be achieved by carrying out the processes at an always higher temperature and pressure, and in a more aggressive environment than the parameters used so far. Such requirements cannot be satisfied any longer by the iron-based alloys, even the best ones. Therefore, multi-component alloys based on nickel and cobalt start to be the materials of choice. On the other hand, new materials of higher performance life are searched for all the time. Jointly with its American partners, the Foundry Research Institute in Krakow carries out the research works which, among others, aim at the conversion of both material and techno-logy from structures forged and welded in nickel superalloys to cast elements for operation under the most demanding conditions of the power plants of a new generation. A part of the research is done under an “A-USC - NICKEL” American programme, to participation in which the Foundry Research Institute has been invited. Within this programme, the initial studies have already been carried out to master the technique of melting and casting the Inconel 740 alloy and preliminary material testing has been performed on the ready castings. It has been stated, among others, that with the temperature increase, particularly above 700°C, this alloy when used as a cast material is characterised by a definitely less drastic decrease of tensile strength than the same alloy subject to plastic forming.
So far in Poland, the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea has been reported from the Oder (Odra) and Vistula River. Its new population has been discovered in the Warta-Gopło Canal in Konin (central Poland), where water temperature can reach 34°C, as the canal is a part of a power plant lake cooling system. The spatial distribution of C. fluminea was found to be very uneven and that is probably why this species was not found during earlier research. The highest density of C. fluminea was 78 ind.·m⁻² at the site where water flow was the fastest (2.49 m·s⁻¹), providing sufficient oxygenation of the water. The results suggest that existing information about the distribution of C. fluminea may be far from complete because the clam can be present also in the habitats that were not regarded as suitable for the species according to earlier reports, and therefore have not been monitored for its presence.
Deposition of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd, and their concentrations in falling dust were measured in 1995-1998 in eastern Mazowieckie Province (former Siedleckie Province). No maximum permissible values of dust deposition, nor Pb and Cd concentrations, were exceeded. It was observed that the elements of low melting temperatures (Pb, Zn) reached higher concentrations in particulate matter, and higher deposition level in heating season compared with summer. Among all the examined metals Ni appeared to be the most stable in falling particulate matter. The results indicate that the main source of metals in falling particulate matter is the thermal and electric power industry.
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