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The manuscript addressed an overview of potato nomenclature - from international names of the species, through national, folk, regional to cultivar names. It additionally outlined the history of potato incorporation to the European continent as well as its cultivation, production crop yield and consumption at a global, European and national level. Issues concerning the economic importance of potato, its chemical composition, nutritional, consumption, dietetic and health - promoting values were discussed as well.
Biological processes which shape soil fertility are affected by microorganisms and enzymes they produce as well as the rate of biogeochemical transformations in the cycling ofelements. One of the enzymes is arylsulphatase (EC 3.1.6.1.), which hydrolyses sulphate esters with aromatic radical, releasing sulphate ions according to the equation: R-C-O-SO3- + H2O  R-C-OH + SO42- + H+. The enzyme plays an essential role in the sulphur cycle in soil and it can be an indicator of sulphur mineralization in soil. For his study, soil was sampled from a field under potato fertilized with different doses of farmyard manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t·ha-1) and mineral nitrogen (0, 45, 90, 135 kg N·ha-1). The activity of arylsulphatase was assayed according to Tabatabai and Bremner, while sulphate (VI) sulphur was determined as described by Bardsley and Lancaster. The content of organic carbon in the soil ranged from 8.168 to 10.96 g·kg-1 and depended on FYM fertilization, while the content of total nitrogen ranged from 0.889 to 1.012 g·kg-1 with an average of 0.960 g·kg-1 for FYM and mineral nitrogen doses. The effect of fertilisation on changes in the amount of sulphate sulphur and the activity of arylsulphatase in the soil was noted. The content of sulphate sulphur throughout the research ranged from 21.49 to 24.83 g·kg-1. The higher the FYM doses, the higher the content of the fraction of sulphur available to plants. The soil provided a good supply of sulphur to plants. The activity of the enzyme ranged from 0.010 to 0.024 µM pNP g-1 ·h-1. Its highest activity (an average 0.018 pM pNP g-1·h-1) was recorded in the samples fertilised with nitrogen at the amount of 45 kg·ha-1. Both parameters changed during the potato vegetation period.
A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52o06’ N; 22o06’ E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is one of the key enzymes of the plant antioxidant system playing, along with catalase, a central role in hydrogen per oxidescavenging. An approach to further in crease the knowledge about cytosolic APX gene organization can be achieved by isolating and characterisating new cDNAs, thus providing new in sights about the physiological roles and regula tion of these enzymes. A partial cDNA clone (corresponding to the 3’ untranslated region), cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase-re lated, was isolated from potato sprouts by RT-PCR. Data base analysis re trieved several expressed sequence tags (ESTs) coding potato cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, that were used to infer the complete cDNA sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed high homologies with other plant cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases, con firming the reliability of the vir tual cDNA. Northern blot analysis revealed the existence of a single band related to the isolated cDNA and the southern blotting results al lowed the elaboration of a possible gene organization.
The effect of nitrogen fertilisation and microbial preparations on the content of dry matter, starch, total protein and nitrates (V), raw potato tuber flesh tendency to darkening and the size of edible potato tuber storage losses was assessed in field experiments. The experimental factors were nitrogen fertilisation levels: 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha–1 and preparations: BactoFil B 10, Effective Microorganisms EM and UGmax soil fertiliser. The level of nitrogen fertilisation and application of microbial preparations had a significant effect on shaping the chemical composition and storage durability of potato tubers, however no influence of these factors was noted for the intensity of raw tuber flesh darkening. Increase in nitrogen fertilisation level was accompanied by a decrease in the content of dry matter and starch, whereas total protein and nitrate contents were increasing. Moreover, nitrogen fertilisation caused a significant increase in natural depletion in tubers during a 6-month storage period. The influence of microbial preparations on the tuber chemical composition was different than nitrogen fertilisation effect. Application of BactoFil B 10 preparation favoured accumulation of dry matter and starch in tubers, application of Effective Microorganisms EM preparation contributed to an increase in starch and nitrate content, whereas after using UGmax soil fertiliser a significantly lower total protein content was registered than in the case of the control.
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