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Agricultural wastes management is a step toward sustainable agriculture. Peanut shelles as remained wastes of cultivating peanut has considerable volume which its compost can be used as available sources of ornamental plants medium. A factorial experiment based on randomized completely blocks design was conducted to investigate the impact of peanut shelles compost as the growth medium of Camellia in different concentrations of potassium. Fifteen treatments, every treatment at three replicates and 45 plots were used for experiment. The rooted cuttings of Camellia were planted and periodic watering with Hoagland solution was performed two times per week. After five months, the plants growth indices and the concentration and uptake nutrients were measured. Results showed that peanut shelles compost increased growth indices than in the control. In the most growth indices, the plant indicated a better response to 40% (w/w) compost and finally 60%. The results are indicator of providing the needed potassium for plant by peanut shelles compost than in the control.
The experiment was carried out on 4 pregnant goats at age 2–3 years. Changes in basic indices of renal function were analysed in the scope of hydro–electrolyte management in the consecutive five months of gestation. Blood and urea samples were collected fortnightly during the first three months of gestation, and weekly during the remaining two months. The analyses included urea volume and glomerular filtration rate, as well as blood plasma concentration, clearance, tubular reabsorption and excretion of sodium, potassium, chlorides and total osmotically active substances.
Background. The distillery stillage is a major and arduous byproduct generated during ethanol production in distilleries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of the stillage recirculation in the mashing process of triticale for non-byproducts production and reducing the fresh water consumption. The number of recirculation cycles which can be applied without disturbances in the ethanol fermentation process was investigated. MateriaL and methods. Winter triticale BOGO and “Ethanol Red” Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were used in the experiments. The method of non-pressure cooking was used for gelatinizing the triticale, commercial α-amylase SPEZYME ETHYL and glucoamyl- ase FERMENZYME L-400 were applied for starch liquefaction and saccharification. The process was conducted at 30°C for 72 h, next after distillation the stillage was centrifuged and the liquid fraction was used instead of 75% of process water. Results. Ethanol yield from triticale fermentations during 40 cycles ranged between 82% and 95% of theoretical yield preserving yeast vitality and quantity on the same level. The obtained distillates were characterized with enhanced volatile compounds (fusel oil, esters, aldehydes, methanol) as well as protein and potassium concentrations. Conclusions. The liquid part of stillage was proved that can be reused instead of water in bioethanol production from triticale, without disturbing the fermentation process. This investigated solution of distillery byproducts utilization (liquid phase of stillage) constitutes the way which could significantly decrease the bioethanol production costs by reducing the water consumption, as well as wastewater production.
The aim of this work was to analyze the concentrations of select elements such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in the water, muscle tissue, and gills of perch sampled in autumn from Lake Gopło in NW Poland. The correlations between the fish size (body length) and metal concentrations in the tissues were investigated by linear regression analysis. In addition, the bioaccumulation coefficient, as a measure of accumulation intensity of an element in an organ, was analyzed. The mean content of K, Mg, and Zn in the analyzed perch was higher in the muscle (18.90, 1.53, and 52.92, mg‧kg⁻¹) than in gills (8.88, 1.30, and 44.99 mg‧kg⁻¹), and the difference between these values (except for Zn) was statistically significant (p≤0.05). The analyses of the correlation between metal concentration in the meat and the body length of fish show that the bioaccumulation of Na, K, Mg, and Zn decreases as fish body length increases (negative correlation). The evaluation of the chemical pollution of Lake Gopło concentrations was based on the following ions (N-NO₃, N-NO₂, and P-PO₄) and minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn). The concentrations of nitrite nitrogen in the waters of Lake Gopło range from 0.012 (in September) to 0.057 mg N-NO₂ dm⁻³ (in November). The concentration of nitrate nitrogen ranges from 0.09 to 1.888 mgN-NO₃ dm⁻³. The concentration of orthophosphate in surface waters of Lake Gopło is not very diverse (0.17-0.2 mg PO₄⁻³ dm⁻³).
The content of magnesium in the blood serum or hair was determined in 88 patients using atomic spectrometry, and the content of magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, chlorine, phosphorus in the blood serum and magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc, copper, iron, lithium, lead in their hair of 300 patients. When a considerable magnesium deficiency was revealed in blood serum and hair in 28 mentally handicapped males with increased aggression, restlessness, psychomotor excitation and coexisting epilepsia, a 1-month supplementation was administered, which resulted in a considerable improvement in the social functioning in 17 patients. The remaining 11 patients who did not show improvement after the first supplementation, were given the second 2-month supplementation, which resulted in the expected considerable improvement.
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