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This is a report of the first case of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication in pregnant sows in Poland. The intoxication occurred on a farm with 1100 sows producing about 25,000 fatteners per year. At the beginning of January 2006 the acute, non-specific symptoms of CO poisoning in sows were misdiagnosed by field veterinarians. From 8 farrowing units only in 2 abortions had been observed (79 sows). Clinical signs included paresis, vomiting, irritability and on occasion even aggression. The piglets that were born alive were restless, exhibited a weak suckling reflex, and did not react to external stimuli. At the end of January the owner of the farm had submitted serum samples to exclude viral and bacterial infections. Chemical analyses were performed for diagnosis of toxicosis, determination of zearalenone, toxic metals, coumarin and rodenticides in feed and kidney. All laboratory analyses were negative. Necropsy of the stillborn piglets revealed characteristic gross lesions, cherry red discoloration of the subcutaneous tissue, muscles, and abdominal and thoracic viscera. Moreover, an accumulation of a large volume of serosanguineous pleural effusion was observed. We also noticed abdominal cyanosis, swelling and cyanosis of the scrotum (which was filled with jelly-like exudation) and cyanosis of the skin of the head. Based on interviews and clinical observations, anatomopathological changes together with negative results of laboratory tests for viral and bacterial infections, it was concluded that the reason for the abortions was CO intoxication. After concluding the diagnosis, investigations with the owner of the farm revealed that he recently decided to install gas-fired heaters in all farrowing houses. In 2 units he additionally decided to change loose, old wooden windows with new plastic ones. It was concluded that the gas-fired heaters used intensively during the winter months were improperly maintained and adjusted. This probably resulted in incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels which finally resulted in the production of CO. In support of the diagnosis it was noted that the abortions stopped immediately after the gas-fired heaters were shut off.
The results of autopsy finding, histopathological and virological examinations of 44 spontaneously aborted fetuses of breed mares are described. In cultures of rabbit kidney cells (RK-13) from the specimens of the spleen, liver and lungs of 18 fetuses Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was isolated. In 11 cases subictericus cases, transudation in body cavities, haemorrhages in serous membranes and haemostasis in mesenteric vessels was observed. Histopathological examinations of the fetuses revealed atrophy of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and mesenterial lymph nodes. Changes characteristic of EVA were seen in arterioles of muscular type of 6 fetuses but they were poorly pronounced. Some cells of tunica adventitia were congested and hyaline changes and disintegratio of mediacites of tunica intima was also visible. Small inflammatory infiltrations in the arterioles were observed only in two examined fetuses.
Porcine reproductive disease associated with PCV2 (PRD-PCV2), as one of several syndromes of the porcine circovrirus diseases (PCVD), was characterized. Differences in relation to the Porcine Parvovirus infection, also causing reproductive failure in swine, but to a larger extent, were presented. Diagnostic tests for PCV2 identification and antibody detection were enumerated. The transplacental infection of the fetus by the viremic sow was the only way of PRD-PCV2 proliferation. The ability of PCV2 to replicate in the fetuses and cause pathologic abnormalities was demonstrated. The heart of the fetuses contained the highest virus titre and the highest number of antigen positive cells. Gross lesions observed in dead mummified or not mummified fetuses were described - the most characteristic were those in the heart. The myocardium, which was hypertrophic, showed multiple and irregular pale areas that corresponded to histological lesions of necrosis. The relationship between a herd of swine with PMWS and PRD-PCV2 as the mechanism of continuous infection in sows, fetuses and pigs growing with PMWS was presented. It was demonstrated that countering the infection is a complex task requiring the vaccination of sows against accompanying infections and against PCV2 as well as an appropriate management of the farm aimed at ensuring the welfare of animals.
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