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New studies on the relationship between physiological phosphorus concentration and protein content were performed, involving well-characterised research material: elements of 36 carcasses of pigs differentiated in respect of gender, post-slaughter weight (PSW) and meatiness measured as the lean meat percentage (LMP), determined on the ground of dissection. The contents of total phosphorus (PC), crude protein (BC), collagen (CC) and muscular protein (BM = BC – CC) in meat were determined. It was found that determination of crude protein alone was not sufficient for prediction of natural phosphorus content in pork meat and its products. Satisfactory estimation of phosphorus content in pork meat based on crude protein and collagen content was obtained. Influence of carcass meatiness and post-slaughter weight of pigs on phosphorus content in meat was demonstrated and considered in the equation of estimating phosphorus content in meat. No effect of pig gender on phosphorus content in meat was found.
The Rendement Napole gene (RN) consists of a mutation at the γ3 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in pigs. AMPK works as an energy level sensor and controls numerous cellular pathways. The study aimed at identifying the differences in microstructure occurring between the normal porcine meat and porcine meat encoded by the RN gene. Using molecular techniques 194 commercial pigs were sampled to determine their genotypes. Meat from the semimembranosus muscle was examined using optic (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The genotypes rnI/rnI, rnV/rnV, rnV/rnI, RN/rnV and RN/rnI were identified. OM revealed broadening of the sarcoplasmic space in RN animals, while TEM showed disordering of muscle fibres and alteration of the sarcomeric structure. Mitochondrial degradation was found in both RN and normal animals,however, the morphological changes observed seemed to be caused by the mutated AMPK.
Pigs, as husbandry animals, are very susceptible to stress, which in turn can influence their meat quality. Environmental factors present during breeding, transport and processing, influencing meat quality, are presented in this study along with results obtained by other authors. Most important factors are: environmental building conditions, level and system of feeding, transport conditions (type, distance, temperature), stunning, debleeding and handling of carcass after slaughter. In order to provide meat of highest quality to final consumers, in accordance with the latest normalization changes, it is essential to pay special attention to the whole set of environmental factors, embracing the entire production process (from breeding, transport, processing, distribution and sales).
Lipid oxidation is the primary cause of deterioration in the quality of frozen meat and meat products. Oxidative deterioration of meat lipids during frozen storage can directly affect the colour, flavour, texture, nutritive value, and safety of food. Natural antioxidants reduce lipid oxidation and as a consequence may improve meat quality. In the present study we investigate the effect of three levels of dietary vitamin E on animal growth performance and on meat oxidation. HPLC analyses were performed in order to assess a-tocopherol levels in blood serum and its deposition in muscles. The oxidative stability of muscle was examined over 7 days of refrigeration storage by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). We concluded that supplementation with vitamin E augmented a-tocopherol levels in blood serum and muscles from pig samples receiving 300 mg/kg feed. Moreover lipid oxidation in chilled meat was successfully reduced.
The investigation was carried out on 72 fatteners of both sexes divided into two groups. Carcass meatiness determined after the slaughter of fatteners was a factor differentiating respective groups: group I with meatiness 49-54.4%, and group II with meatiness 54.7–60%. The m. longissimus dorsi was determined for the content of dry matter, protein, intramuscular fat and total cholesterol. Intramuscular fat and cholesterol contents in the m. longissimus dorsi of more muscled fatteners (group II) were significantly lower (p≤0.01) than those in the muscle of fatteners of group I. The intramuscular fat of fatteners of group II contained less saturated fatty acids (p≤0.01), while more unsaturated ones (p≤0.01), including polyunsaturated fatty acids (p≤0.01).
The aim of the current study was to provide the updated knowledge about the influence of supplementation of pig diets with oil plants on the quality and nutritive value of pork meat. The use of feed rich in PUFAs in pig diet including plant oils, such as linseed, rapeseed or sunflower is beneficial for consumers health since these acids improve the dietetic value of meat. They especially increase the proportions of n-3 fatty acids like linolenic acid in pig muscle, but don't influence the proportion of DHA and EPA. Among oil plants especially the use of linseed in pig diet seems to be a good source of n-3 PUFA, due to its nutritive, economic and technical sustainability as well as ALA content (50% of fatty acids). However, a higher share of PUFAs has a negative influence on technological properties of pork meat and its oxidative stability, as well as sensory characteristics. Thus, the use of antioxidants in the pig diet including vitamins A, C, E and selenium can reduce the formation of initiating lipid radicals and protect the unsaturated fatty acids in pork from an increased lipid oxidation.
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