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Phenological traits, yield, and fruit characteristics of 14 plum cultivars of late maturation period were studied in the region of Belgrade in the five-year period (2013–2017). The control cultivar for comparison was ‘Stanley’. The average time of flowering was in the first half of April, and of fruit maturation in the second half of August and the beginning of September. Yield per tree was lowest in the cultivar ‘Pozna Plava’ (10.2 kg) and highest in the cultivar ‘Topking’ (23.6 kg). Compared to the control, significantly lower yield was achieved in three cultivars: ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Narach’. Fruit weight ranged from 26.1 g in the cultivar ‘Elena’ to 57.0 g in the cultivar ‘Empress’. Compared to the control, it was significantly higher in three cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vengerka Pozdnyaya’, and ‘Tophit’). All studied cultivars had high soluble solids content, ranging from 17.1% to 21.6%. The best rated cultivar for fruit appearance was ‘Empress’, while cultivars ‘Nada’ and ‘Pozna Plava’ were best scored for taste.
The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Station in Baranowo near Poznań between 2007-2009. The influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of the plum tree cultivar - ' Cacanska Lepotica' and sour cherry tree cultivar - 'Schattenmorelle' was estimated. Three years after planting, the plum trees had bigger vigour of growth, expressed by TCSA, in a combination with mycorrhizal fungi. Sour cherry trees did not differ in growth after the use of mycorrhizal fungi. A higher yield of fruits was harvested from plum and sour cherry trees inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungi. Productivity of mycorrhized trees, calculated according to the cross-sectional area of the trunk, was higher than in the control. The use of mycorrhizal fungi had no influence on fruit mass of the investigated species of fruit trees.
The climate of Poland is characterized by a high variability, especially regarding the sum of precipitation and its distribution in the season. Dry years occur periodically. Repeated negative climatic water balance for vegetative season is insufficient for proper growth and development of plants. In this experiment we studied the effectiveness of drip irrigation in plum tree cultivation. The study was carried out since 1990 to 1998 in the orchard of the Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. Trees of plum cv. Valor, grafted on Myrobalan and Wangenheim Prune seedlings were planted in the spring 1990 at a distance 4,2 m x 2,9 m. Influence of drip irrigation on trees growth changes, yield and fruit quality depended on weather conditions in the individual years. Generally, drip irrigation significantly increased the tree growth, yield and fruit quality. Higher positive effect of irrigation was obtained for plums grafted on Wangenheim Prune seedlings than on Myrobalan seedlings. Drought conditions clearly decreases the average weight of the fruit of the trees grafted on Wangenheim Prune. The rootstocks had no effect on fruit size.
The influence of two rootstocks (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and Prunus tomentosa Thunb.) on growth, yield and fruit quality of five plum cultivars: 'Herman', 'Opal', 'Cacanska Rana', 'Cacanska Lepotica' and 'Dąbrowicka Prune' was estimated. Seven years after planting, the trees of all the considered cultivars grew more vigorously on P. cerasifera rootstock than the trees on P. tomentosa. The highest yields were har­vested from the trees 'Cacanska Lepotica' grafted on P. cerasifera. Productivity of all the cultivars of plum trees on P. tomentosa rootstock was higher than of these grafted on P. cerasifera seedling. The considered rootstocks had no influence on fruit weight of the investigated plum cultivars. 'Cacanska Rana' trees produced the biggest fruit, whereas the smallest were harvested from 'Dąbrowicka Prune' trees.
In this experiment, early ripening plum trees were pruned at two different times. The experiment was conducted at the Fruit Experimental Station in Samotwór near Wroc ław in 2001-2004. Objects of the study were 8 year-old plum trees of 'Herman', 'Cacanska Rana', 'Sanctus Hubertus' and 'Cacanska Lepotica' cultivars budded on 'Myrobalan' seedlings (Prunus divaricata). The experiment was established in a randomised block design in three replications with 6 trees per plot. In 2001-2003, time of tree pruning was differentiated. Half of the trees were pruned only at the end of August (summer pruning after harvest of fruit). The other pruning took place at the end of March (dormant pruning before blooming time). Time of pruning had no influence on vegetative growth and chemical composi­tion of leaves. No matter what the time of pruning, the total sugars, reducing sugars, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents in leaves were similar. Sugars, calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly influenced by the year. Foliar nutrient content differed according to the plum cultivar. 'Sanctus Hubertus' showed markedly lower leaf K and Mg contents, whereas 'Cacanska Lepotica' had a higher P content. Pruning time had an influence on the crop efficiency index. Dor­mant-pruned trees were significantly more productive.
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