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This study was aimed at profiling plasma proteins of healthy 8-month-old African catfish. Plasma proteins within the isoelectric point ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 were separated by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). In total, 8 different gene products were identified with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. These included carrier proteins (fatty acid-binding protein 1, metallothionein, mitoferrin-2), a structural protein (vimentin), proteins involved in the regulation of transcription (thyroid hormone receptor alpha A, endothelial differentiation-related factor 1 homolog), and others (B-cell lymphoma 6 protein homolog, FGFR1 oncogene partner 2 homolog). This is the first study attempting to map the plasma proteome of Clarias gariepinus. Owing to the lack of information concerning catfish protein sequences in the relevant databases, protein spots were identified by matching peptide data to interspecies homology. The results of this preliminary study may encourage other authors to undertake further research on the plasma proteome of the African catfish.
Inter-a-inhibitor is an abundant plasma protein whose physiological function is only now beginning to be revealed. It consists of three polypeptides: two heavy chains and one light chain called bikunin. Bikunin, which has antiproteolytic activity, carries a chondroitin sulphate chain to which the heavy chains are covalently linked. The heavy chains can be transferred from inter-a-inhibitor to hyaluronan molecules and become covalently linked. This reaction seems to be mediated by TSG-6, a protein secreted by various cells upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines. Inter-a-inhibitor has been shown to be required for the stabilization of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex during the expansion that occurs prior to ovulation. Hyaluronan-linked heavy chains in the extracellular matrix of this cellular complex have recently been shown to be tightly bound to TSG-6. Since TSG-6 binds to hyaluronan, its complex with heavy chains could stabilize the extracellular matrix by cross-linking hyaluronan molecules. Heavy chains linked to hyaluronan molecules have also been found in inflamed tissues. The physiological role of these complexes is not known but there are indications that they might protect hyaluronan against fragmentation by reactive oxygen species. TSG-6 also binds to bikunin thereby enhancing its antiplasmin activity. Taken together, these results suggest that inter-a-inhibitor is an anti-inflammatory agent which is acti­vated by TSG-6.
In the following work, it is proved that the usage of plasma proteins has badly effected the colour desirability in wiener sausages. In order to improve the degree of pigmentation, the cured blood and solution of betanin were used. The general optimisation procedure is based on determining the connection between the amount of added pigments and the colour desirability. First it was examined what ranges of L*, a*, b* (physical colour parameters) a sensory examination colour assessment (e.g. 4.0 points) can be related to. Next, it was examined what marks for the colour desirability were given to sausages colour with different amounts of single pigments and mixtures of various proportions.
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